Urological Cancers (eBook)

Jonathan Waxman (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 2005
XVI, 342 Seiten
Springer London (Verlag)
978-1-84628-015-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Encompasses all areas of urological cancers

Combines clinical and molecular advances in one volume

Only available book specific to the whole of urological malignancies

Appeals equally to urologists and oncologists

The well-known author has published over 250 research papers and eleven books on cancer and is also the founder of the 'Prostate Cancer Charity'

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Our understanding of the scientific basis for urothelial malignancy has advanced significantly. Studies in prostate cancer, few and far between 20 years ago, have increased and the degree of Government intervention, both in Europe and America, to support work in this field has risen considerably. Interest too has grown from the pharmaceutical industry, and this has led to the development of new treatment options for all of the urological malignancies and real improvements in remission rates and durations.This book outlines developments in all areas of urological cancer, bringing together summaries of clinical and molecular advances in one volume, which will be invaluable to urologists and oncologists.

Inhalt

Preface 8
Contents 10
Contributors 14
Part I Prostate Cancer 18
1 The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer --- Sarah Ngan and Jonathan Waxman 20
Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer 20
Chromosomal Alterations 21
Tumor Suppressors 22
Oncogenes 23
Inhibitors of Apoptosis 23
Telomere Length 24
Other Amplified Genes with Clinical Potential 24
The Androgen Receptor 24
Tumor–Environment Interactions 27
Growth Factors 27
Other Cellular–Matrix Interactions 29
Conclusion 30
References 30
2 Familial Prostate Cancer --- Sashi S. Kommu and Rosalind A. Eeles 34
Evidence for the Genetic Etiology of Prostate Cancer 34
Epidemiological Evidence 35
Molecular Analysis Evidence: Linkage Studies 37
Candidate Gene Analysis Evidence: BRCA2, NBS, and CHEK2 Genes 37
Genome Searches in Prostate Cancer 38
Clinical Management 39
Conclusion 42
References 42
3 Screening for Prostate Cancer --- Joshua Phillips and Freddie C. Hamdy 48
General Criteria for Establishing a Screening Program 48
Does Screening for Prostate Cancer Reduce Mortality from the Disease? 53
How Can We Study Screening? 53
What Do Men with Prostate Cancer Think of Screening for the Disease? 54
Screening Policies Worldwide 54
Conclusion 55
References 55
4 Diet and Prostate Cancer --- Danish Mazhar 58
Diet and Prostate Cancer Biology 58
Fat 59
Vitamins 60
Trace Elements 61
Plant Steroids 61
Prostate Cancer Risk Reduction by Dietary Modification 61
References 62
5 Radical Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer --- Mererid Evans and Malcolm D.Mason 65
Treatment of Early (Localized) Prostate Cancer 65
Conclusion 74
References 74
6 Prostate Cancer: Immediate vs. Deferred Treatment --- Mark A. Underwood and David Kirk 77
Why Defer Treatment? 77
Immediate or Deferred Treatment: The Swinging Pendulum 78
Clinical Trials 78
Is the Case for Immediate Treatment Proved? 82
Immediate or Deferred Treatment in 2005 83
Conclusion 84
References 84
7 Surgical Treatment of Prostate Cancer --- Mark R. Feneley and Roger S. Kirby 86
Retropubic Prostatectomy 86
Perineal Prostatectomy 87
Laparoscopic Prostatectomy 87
Principles of Radical Prostatectomy 88
Cancer Control 88
Complications 89
Erectile Function 89
Urinary Continence 90
Quality of Life 90
Outcomes 91
Conclusion 91
References 91
8 Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer --- Gairin J. Dancey and Jonathan Waxman 94
Localized Disease 94
The Hormonal Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer 95
Combined Antiandrogen Treatment 96
Intermittent Hormonal Therapy 96
The Treatment of Recurrent Prostate Cancer 97
The Side Effects of Hormonal Therapy 97
Conclusion 98
References 98
9 Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer --- Srikala S. Sridhar and Malcolm J.Moore 100
Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer 100
Response to Therapy 101
Chemotherapy in Hormone-Sensitive Disease 105
Summary 109
References 109
10 Proteomic Approaches to Problem Solving in Prostate Cancer --- Simon C. Gamble 112
Background 112
Techniques in Proteomics 112
Early Proteomic Studies into the Prostate and Prostate Cancer 114
Current Studies and Their Aims 114
New Diagnostic Markers 117
Summary 119
References 119
11 Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer --- Danish Mazhar and Roopinder Gillmore 121
Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy 121
Gene Therapy Strategies in Prostate Cancer 123
Conclusion 127
References 127
Part II Bladder Cancer 130
12 Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer --- Margaret A. Knowles 132
Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer 132
Molecular Alterations in Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma 133
Molecular Alterations in Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma 137
Genetic Model for Bladder Tumor Development 140
Gaps in Knowledge: Application of Microarray Technology 141
Potential Applications of Molecular Information 141
References 141
13 Treatment Options in Superficial (pTA/pT1/CIS) Bladder Cancer --- Jeremy L. Ockrim and Paul D. Abel 148
Current Issues in Superficial Bladder Cancer Classification 148
Natural History of Superficial Bladder Cancer and Prognostic Factors 149
Relative Risk of Clinical Prognostic Factors 150
Role of Intravesical Therapy in Tumor Prophylaxis 152
Role of Bacille Calmette-Guérin in the Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ 155
Treatment Options in G3pT1 Disease 155
Other Immunomodulators 157
Conclusion 157
References 157
14 Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer --- Matthew D. Galsky and Dean F. Bajorin 162
Older Chemotherapeutic Regimens in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 162
The Impact of Prognostic Factors 163
Newer Agents/Combinations in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 163
Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 166
Postchemotherapy Surgery in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 166
Recommendations for Treatment of Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 166
Perioperative Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma 167
Recommendations for Treatment of Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma 169
References 169
15 Gene Therapy of Urothelial Malignancy --- Sunjay Jain and J. Kilian Mellon 173
Vectors for Transfer of Genetic Information 173
Gene Therapy Strategies in Bladder Cancer 175
Corrective Strategies in Gene Therapy of Bladder Cancer 176
Cytotoxic Approaches to Bladder Cancer Gene Therapy 178
Immunological Gene Therapy 180
Conclusion 181
References 181
Part III Kidney Cancer 184
16 Molecular Biology of Kidney Cancer --- Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein and J. Brantley Thrasher 186
Clear Cell Carcinoma 186
Von Hippel–Lindau Disease 187
Sporadic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma 189
Hereditary Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma 190
Tuberous Sclerosis 190
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma 190
Chromophobe Tumors 192
Renal Oncocytoma 192
Collecting Duct and Medullary Carcinoma of the Kidney 193
Molecular Markers 193
Wilms’ Tumor 193
Conclusion 195
References 195
17 Cytokine and Angiogenesis Inhibitors --- Simon Chowdhury, Timothy G. Eisen, and Martin Gore 201
Prognostic Factors 201
Immunotherapy 202
Cytokine Therapy 203
The Role of Nephrectomy Before Cytokine Therapy 204
Interferons 205
Interleukin-2 207
Interleukin-2 and Interferon-a 209
Other Cytokines 210
Biochemotherapy 210
Adjuvant Therapy 212
Angiogenesis Inhibitors 212
Angiogenesis Inhibitors Used in Clinical Trials to Treat Renal Cell Carcinoma 213
Thalidomide 215
Conclusion 216
References 216
18 Novel Therapies for Renal Cell Cancer --- Mayer N. Fishman 221
Conventional Cytotoxics 222
Targeted Drugs 223
General Immunity 225
Leukocyte Products 227
Tumor Products 228
Angiogenic Targeting 229
Vascular Targeting 229
Conclusion 230
References 231
Part IV Testicular Cancer 236
19 Genetics and Biology of Adult Male Germ Cell Tumors --- Jane Houldsworth, George J. Bosl, and R.S.K. Chaganti 238
Pathobiology of Male Germ Cell Tumors 238
Genetic Basis of Adult Male Germ Cell Transformation 239
Germ Cell of Origin of Adult Male Germ Cell Tumors 241
Genetic and Biologic Basis of Extragonadal Male Germ Cell Tumors 242
Genetic and Biologic Basis of Male Germ Cell Tumor Differentiation 242
Genetic and Biologic Basis of Chemoresistance 243
Genetic Basis of Malignant Transformation 244
Acknowledgments 244
References 244
20 Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer --- Thomas R. Geldart and Graham M.Mead 247
Prognostic Factors 247
Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin (BEP): The Evolution of a Standard Therapy 247
Treatment of Metastatic Disease 248
Adjuvant Chemotherapy 254
Long-Term Toxicities of Chemotherapy for Germ Cell Cancers 255
Conclusion 256
References 256
21 Surgery for Testicular Cancer --- Gillian L. Smith and Timothy J. Christmas 260
Inguinal Orchidectomy 260
Partial Orchidectomy 262
Contralateral Testicular Biopsy 262
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Tumors 263
Seminoma 265
Stromal Tumors 265
Surgical Technique 265
Complications 266
Conclusion 266
References 266
22 Pathobiological Basis of Treatment Strategies of Germ Cell Tumors --- J.Wolter Oosterhuis, Friedemann Honecker, Frank Mayer, Carsten Bokemeyer, and L.H.J. Looijenga 269
Pathobiology of Human Germ Cell Tumors 269
Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ/Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia Unclassified 271
Treatment of Invasive Germ Cell Tumors 273
Conclusions and Perspectives 281
Acknowledgments 282
References 282
Part V Penile Cancer 290
23 A Scientific Understanding of the Development of Penile Tumors --- T.R. Leyshon Griffiths and J. Kilian Mellon 292
Etiology 292
Oncogenic Effect of Human Papillomavirus 294
p14ARF/MDM2/p53 and Pathways in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis 296
p16INK4A/Cyclin D/Rb Pathways in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis 296
Conclusion 297
References 297
24 The Clinical Management of Penile Cancer --- Rajiv Sarin, Hemant B. Tongaonkar, and Reena Engineer 300
Epidemiology and Etiology 300
Natural History, Histology, and Clinical Presentation 300
Pretreatment Evaluation and Pitfalls in Staging 302
Treatment Options, Techniques, and Outcome 303
Management of the Penile Primary Tumor 303
Management of Ilioinguinal Nodes 307
Chemotherapy 310
Prognosis 311
Quality of Life and Psychosexual Issues 311
Conclusion 312
References 312
Part VI Unusual Urological Tumors 316
25 Oncocytomas and Rare Renal Tumors --- Holger Moch 318
Oncocytoma 318
Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Renal Tumors 319
Primary Renal Synovial Sarcomas 320
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Kidney 321
Mucinous Tubular Spindle Cell Carcinoma 321
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children and Young Adults 323
Summary 324
References 324
26 Small Cell Tumors, Lymphomas, and Sertoli Cell and Leydig Cell Tumors of the Bladder, Prostate, and Testis --- Chris M. Bacon and Alex Freeman 326
Lymphomas of the Testis, Bladder, and Prostate 326
Small Cell Tumors of the Bladder and Prostate 334
Sex Cord–Stromal (Mesenchymal) Tumors of the Testis 337
References 341
Index 350

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.6.2006
• Zusatzinfo: XVI, 342 p. 45 illus., 31 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Urologie
• Schlagworte: angiogenesis • Surgery • Urological Cancer • Urological Malignancies • Urological Oncology • Urological Tumours
• ISBN-10: 1-84628-015-X / 184628015X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-015-3 / 9781846280153