Pediatric Radiology (eBook)

Jack O. Haller, T. L. Slovis, Aparna Joshi (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 3rd ed. 2005
XIII, 291 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-26442-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This basic text introduces the reader to all facets of pediatric imaging from the importance of understanding X-ray exposure to children through the appropriate indications for ordering a particular examination. It covers basic problems in each organ system. There is a quiz after most of the clinical chapters. The text is aimed at the novice, while the pictures of classic important imaging findings are designed to test the mature pediatric caregiver and the radiologist beginning training. The information conveyed in this text is essential for pediatric house staff, entering radiology residents, pediatric nurse practitioners, emergency room physicians, and practicing pediatricians. It will be valuable to all physicians who deal with children as a segment of their practice. This book serves as the basic text for any of the above individuals taking a rotation through a pediatric imaging department and for orienting pediatric personnel within the imaging department.

Inhalt

Contents 11
1 Diagnostic Medical Imaging:How,Why, and When 14
Introduction 14
Nature of Radiographs 14
Other Imaging Modalities Without Radiation 17
Proper Utilization of Imaging 21
2 Understanding Radiation and Its Effect on Children 24
3 Chest Examinations in Children 28
Technical Factors 29
Lung Volume 29
Position of the Patient 29
How the Film Was Obtained 34
Adequacy of Exposure 34
Traps: Unique Anatomical Normal Variants and Positions of Tubes 36
Interpreting the Film:The Radiologist’s Circle 38
Abdomen 38
Bones and Soft Tissues 38
Chest (Airway, Mediastinum, Diaphragm, Lungs) 42
Common Pathological Conditions 63
Hyperexpansion 63
Lobar Collapse 65
Change in Pulmonary Densities 67
Masses and Pseudomasses 70
Pleura 72
Summary 73
4 The Chest in the Neonate and Young Infant 76
Technical Factors 76
Interpreting the Film 77
Abdomen 77
Bones and Soft Tissues 80
Chest 81
An Approach to Common Neonatal Abnormalities 85
Diseases with Generalized Increase in Lung Volume 89
Diseases with Normal or Decreased Lung Volume 90
Diseases with Variable Lung Volume 94
Localized Changes in Lung Volume 95
Structural Abnormalities 96
5 Abdominal Imaging 98
Technical Factors 98
The Radiologist’s Circle and the ABCS 98
Chest 100
Bones and Soft Tissues 100
Abdomen 101
Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques 109
Ultrasound of the Abdomen and Pelvis 109
CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis 117
MR Imaging of the Abdomen 121
Imaging Studies for Specific Organs and Systems 124
Bowel 124
Esophagus 124
Upper Gastrointestinal Series 124
Small Bowel Follow-Through 128
Barium Enema 128
Liver and Biliary Tract 134
The Bladder 137
Kidney 142
Common Indications for Imaging the Abdomen in Pediatrics 146
Common Clinical Problems 146
Vomiting 146
Abdominal Pain 150
Blunt Abdominal Trauma 154
Constipation 155
Gastrointestinal Bleeding 155
Anal–Rectal Malformations 158
Urinary Tract Infection 158
Enuresis 160
Abdominal Mass 160
Hematuria 160
Dilated Collecting System Seen on Antenatal Ultrasound Examination 161
6 Abdominal and Pelvic Masses 166
Begin the Work-Up with an Abdominal Series 166
Begin with the Least Invasive Study When There is a Questionable Mass 170
Let the Patient’s Age and Symptoms and the Location of the Mass Direct the Work-Up 171
Newborn 171
One Month to 2 Years of Age 171
Older than 2 Years 171
Location of the Mass 171
Symptoms 175
Imaging Principles 175
Specific Lesions 176
Wilms Tumor 176
Neuroblastoma 177
Hepatic Tumors 178
Lymphoma 178
Rhabdomyosarcoma 181
Pregnancy:The Most Common Pelvic Mass in Girls 181
Risk Factors for Abdominal Masses 181
7 Skeleton 182
Anatomy 182
Long Bones 182
Flat Bones 183
Unique Features 183
Imaging Modalities in Evaluating Musculoskeletal Disease 187
Plain Film Radiography 187
Computed Tomography 189
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 189
Nuclear Medicine 189
Ultrasound 191
General Approach to the Skeletal Plain Film 191
Common Pediatric Problems 195
Trauma 195
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Trauma 199
Nonaccidental Injury (Child Abuse, Battered Child) 200
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 202
Osteomyelitis 202
Bone Infarct 206
Metabolic Disorders 206
Bone Tumors 208
Soft Tissue Tumors 212
Marrow Disorders 212
Arthritides 213
Congenital Abnormalities 215
8 Central Nervous System 220
Skull 220
Approach to the Plain Skull Film 224
Soft Tissues 224
The Three Bony Tables 224
Calvarium 224
Sella Turcica 224
The Frontal Film 224
The Lateral Film 224
Intracranial Contents 226
Indications for Imaging Evaluation 240
Trauma 240
Seizures 242
Increased Intracranial Pressure or Enlarging Head Circumference 242
Abnormal Head Shape or Size 243
Other Indications for Imaging Evaluation of CNS 247
Supplementary Procedures in Evaluating the Central Nervous System 249
Imaging the Paranasal Sinuses and Neck 249
Spine 251
Anatomy 251
Indications for Imaging Evaluation of the Spine 256
9 Special Procedures 262
Sedation 262
Less Invasive Procedures 262
More Invasive Procedures 266
Venous Access 266
Biopsies and Drainage 266
Angiography 268
Gastrointestinal Interventional Procedures 268
Urinary System Interventional Procedures 268
Airway Interventional Procedures 269
Vascular Intervention 269
Neurovascular 269
Renovascular 269
Gastrointestinal 269
Vascular Embolization 269
Endovascular Delivery of Therapeutic Agents 271
Appendix 1: Rules for Reading Pediatric X-Rays 272
Appendix 2: Answers to Questions 274
Subject Index 300

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.12.2005
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 291 p. 821 illus., 2 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pädiatrie
• Schlagworte: Medical Imaging • Pädiatrie • Pediatric Imaging • Pediatric X-ray Diagnosis • Radiation • Radiologie • Radiology • X-Ray
• ISBN-10: 3-540-26442-6 / 3540264426
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-26442-2 / 9783540264422