Suicidal Behaviour (eBook)

Diego De Leo et al. (Ed.) (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2004 | 1. Auflage
337 Seiten
Hogrefe Publishing (Verlag)
978-1-61676-267-4 (ISBN)

Infos

A practical handbook for all those concerned with the prevention of suicide, this book is unique in that it is based on the wealth of experience gained over many years in different populations during the Who/Euro Multicenter Study on Suicidal Behaviour.

With contributions from some of the world's best-known investigators, as well as those involved in the practical side of suicide prevention, this is an invaluable state-of-the-art resource, replete with information on the epidemiology of suicidal behavior, the relationship between attempted and completed suicide, suicidal behavior in particular groups, gender differences, risk factors and predictors for non-fatal and fatal suicidal behavior, methods of suicide, attitudes towards suicide, clinical aspects, and treatment and prevention recommendations. 

Inhalt

Table of Contents 6
Foreword 8
Part 1 Introduction 10
Chapter 1 Suicide Prevention – Background, Problems, Strategies: Introductory Remarks 12
Chapter 2 The WHO/Euro Multi-Centre Study on Suicidal Behaviour: Its Background, History, Aims and Design 14
Part 2 Theoretical Aspects 24
Chapter 3 Definitions of Suicidal Behaviour 26
Chapter 4 Psychological Dimensions of Attempted Suicide: Theories and Data 50
Chapter 5 The Psychobiology of Suicidal Behaviour 70
Chapter 6 Intentional Aspects of Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviour 76
Part 3 Research Findings 88
Chapter 7 Socio-Demographic Variables of Suicide Attempters 90
Chapter 8 Negative Life Events and Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviour 102
Chapter 9 Repetition of Attempted Suicide: Frequent, but Hard to Predict 120
Chapter 10 Marital Relationships of Suicide Attempters 134
Chapter 11 Physical Illness and Suicidal Behaviour 148
Chapter 12 Addiction and Suicidal Behaviour: Questions and Answers in the EPSIS 174
Chapter 13 Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour 194
Chapter 14 The Importance of Social Support 206
Chapter 15 Imitation of Suicidal Behaviour 218
Chapter 16 Seasonality and Other Temporal Fluctuations in Suicidal Behaviour: Myths, Realities and Results 228
Part 4 Suicidal Behaviour in Special Interest Groups 246
Chapter 17 Suicidal Behaviour Among Young People 248
Chapter 18 Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour in Late-Life 262
Chapter 19 Immigrants and Attempted Suicide in Europe 296
Part 5 Clinical Aspects in Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviour 308
Chapter 20 Contacts with Health Care Facilities Prior to Suicide Attempts 310
Chapter 21 Suicide Attempters, Health Care Systems and the Quality of Treatments 322
List of Contributors 336

Textauszug

Terminology (p. 68-69)

A review of the suicidological research literature shows that the concepts motive, reason, aim, purpose, and intention are employed somewhat inconsistently and confusingly in this field. The following are some examples.

Birtchnell and Alarcon (1971) employed the terms "intentions" and "motivations" for attempting suicide without differentiating between the concepts. As an example of a motive/intention of attempted suicide they suggested "frighten or get your own back on someone." Bancroft and co-workers (1976, 1979) used the terms "reasons" and "motives" of the suicidal act,meaning, for instance, seeking help from someone, escaping for a while from an impossible situation or a terrible state of mind, or influencing someone to change their mind. Hawton and colleagues (1982) and James and Hawton (1985) employed the terms "motivational aspects" of, and "reasons" for self-poisoning, and by that meant the same as Bancroft and co-workers (1979). They also used the term "suicidal intent" meaning whether the patients had wanted to die or not. Michel and colleagues (1994) used the term "motives for attempting suicide," meaning, for instance, "I wanted to get help from someone" and "I wanted to persuade someone to change his/her mind."

Lukianowicz (1972) juxtaposed "motives" with "aims," i.e., something in the future that patients had wanted to achieve by the suicidal act. However, under the term "motives" he also listed marital problems and mental illness, i.e., factors leading up to the suicidal behaviour.Kovacs and co-workers (1975) categorised various reasons into the item "purpose of the attempt" from the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS; Beck et al., 1974). This contains the categories (a) to manipulate others, to effect a change in the environment, to get attention, revenge, (b) components of a and c, and (c) to escape from life, to seek surcease; an irreversible solution to problems. Velamoor and Cernovsky (1992) used both the terms "motive to die" or "not to die" and "intent to die" or "not to die."Hettiarachchi and Kodituwakku (1989) used the term "motive"meaning, for instance, wishing to die or to manipulate a situation.

As can be seen from this brief summary, a certain amount of disagreement and confusion reigns within this research field with regard to the use of such basic concepts as reason, motive and intention. They are most often (almost always) used as synonyms regarding something the patient wanted to happen in the future, something they wanted to achieve by their act, e.g., to influence someone to change their mind, to get help, to escape from life temporarily, to die, etc. Moreover, the term suicidal intent is employed when the extent to which a person wanted to die is assessed. This inconsistency is probably due to inherent different paradigmatic bases. Failure to discuss such paradigmatic differences leads to rather diffuse employment of these terms. Since searching for answers to the question of why some people engage in nonfatal suicidal behaviour is a central issue in research in this area, clarification of terminology is important.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.1.2004
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Test in der Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
• Schlagworte: Psychiatrie • Psychologie • Suizidforschung
• ISBN-10: 1-61676-267-5 / 1616762675
• ISBN-13: 978-1-61676-267-4 / 9781616762674