Automatic Localization of Spatially Correlated Key Points in Medical Images

Alexander Oliver Mader (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

250 Seiten

2021
BoD – Books on Demand (Verlag)
978-3-7534-8006-0 (ISBN)

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The task of object localization in medical images is a corner stone of automatic image processing and a prerequisite for other medical imaging tasks. In this thesis, we present a general framework for the automatic detection and localization of spatially correlated key points in medical images based on a conditional random field (CRF). The problem of selecting suitable potential functions (knowledge sources) and defining a reasonable graph topology w.r.t. the dataset is automated by our proposed data-driven CRF optimization.We show how our fairly simple setup can be applied to different medical datasets involving different image dimensionalities (i.e., 2D and 3D), image modalities (i.e., X-ray, CT, MRI) and target objects ranging from 2 to 102 distinct key points by automatically adapting the CRF to the dataset. While the used general "default" configuration represents an easy to transfer setup, it already outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on three out of four datasets. By slightly gearing the proposed approach to the fourth dataset, we further illustrate that the approach is capable of reaching state-of-the-art performance of highly sophisticated and data-specific deep-learning-based approaches.Additionally, we suggest and evaluate solutions for common problems of graph-based approaches such as the reduced search space and thus the potential exclusion of the correct solution, better handling of spatial outliers using latent variables and the incorporation of invariant higher order potential functions. Each extension is evaluated in detail and the whole method is additionally compared to a rivaling convolutional-neural-network-based approach on a hard problem (i.e., the localization of many locally similar repetitive target key points) in terms of exploiting the spatial correlation. Finally, we illustrate how follow-up tasks, segmentation in this case, may benefit from a correct localization by reaching state-of-the-art performance using off-the-shelve methods in combination with our proposed method.

Alexander Oliver Mader submitted this dissertation to the Faculty of Engineering at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doktoringenieur (Dr.-Ing.) in August 2020, and successfully defended it on March 29, 2021.

Erscheinungsdatum	16.04.2021
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 220 mm
Gewicht	403 g
Themenwelt	Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
	Informatik ► Weitere Themen ► Bioinformatik
	Medizin / Pharmazie
Schlagworte	Dissertation • Key point detection and localization • machine learning • Medical Imaging • Probabilistic Graphical Models
ISBN-10	3-7534-8006-1 / 3753480061
ISBN-13	978-3-7534-8006-0 / 9783753480060
Zustand	Neuware