Biostatistics

A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences

Wayne W. Daniel, Chad L. Cross (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

720 Seiten

2018 | 11th Edition
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-119-28237-2 (ISBN)

Infos

The ability to analyze and interpret enormous amounts of data has become a prerequisite for success in allied healthcare and the health sciences. Now in its 11th edition, Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences continues to offer in-depth guidance toward biostatistical concepts, techniques, and practical applications in the modern healthcare setting. Comprehensive in scope yet detailed in coverage, this text helps students understand—and appropriately use—probability distributions, sampling distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing, variance analysis, regression, correlation analysis, and other statistical tools fundamental to the science and practice of medicine.


Clearly-defined pedagogical tools help students stay up-to-date on new material, and an emphasis on statistical software allows faster, more accurate calculation while putting the focus on the underlying concepts rather than the math. Students develop highly relevant skills in inferential and differential statistical techniques, equipping them with the ability to organize, summarize, and interpret large bodies of data. Suitable for both graduate and advanced undergraduate coursework, this text retains the rigor required for use as a professional reference.

Inhalt

PREFACE vii


1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATISTICS 1


1.1 Introduction, 2


1.2 Basic Concepts and Definitions, 2


1.3 Measurement and Measurement Scales, 5


1.4 Sampling and Statistical Inference, 7


Exercises, 12


1.5 The Scientific Method, 13


Exercises, 15


1.6 Computers and Technology, 15


1.7 Summary, 16


Review Questions and Exercises, 16


References, 17


2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 18


2.1 Introduction, 19


2.2 The Ordered Array, 19


2.3 Frequency Tables, 21


Exercises, 25


2.4 Measures of Central Tendency, 29


2.5 Measures of Dispersion, 34


Exercises, 41


2.6 Visualizing Data, 43


Exercises, 51


2.7 Summary, 51


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 2, 51


Review Questions and Exercises, 53


References, 56


3 SOME BASIC PROBABILITY CONCEPTS 57


3.1 Introduction, 57


3.2 Two Views of Probability: Objective and Subjective, 58


3.3 Elementary Properties of Probability, 60


3.4 Calculating the Probability of an Event, 61


Exercises, 68


3.5 Bayes’ Theorem, Screening Tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value Positive and Negative, 69


Exercises, 73


3.6 Summary, 74


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 3, 75


Review Questions and Exercises, 76


References, 79


4 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 80


4.1 Introduction, 81


4.2 Probability Distributions of Discrete Variables, 81


Exercises, 86


4.3 The Binomial Distribution, 87


Exercises, 95


4.4 The Poisson Distribution, 96


Exercises, 100


4.5 Continuous Probability Distributions, 101


4.6 The Normal Distribution, 103


Exercises, 109


4.7 Normal Distribution Applications, 109


Exercises, 113


4.8 Summary, 114


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 4, 114


Review Questions and Exercises, 115


References, 117


5 SOME IMPORTANT SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 119


5.1 Introduction, 119


5.2 Sampling Distributions, 120


5.3 Distribution of the Sample Mean, 121


Exercises, 128


5.4 Distribution of the Difference between Two Sample Means, 129


Exercises, 133


5.5 Distribution of the Sample Proportion, 134


Exercises, 136


5.6 Distribution of the Difference between Two Sample Proportions, 137


Exercises, 139


5.7 Summary, 139


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 5, 140


Review Questions and Exercises, 140


References, 141


6 ESTIMATION 143


6.1 Introduction, 144


6.2 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean, 147


Exercises, 152


6.3 The t Distribution, 153


Exercises, 157


6.4 Confidence Interval for the Difference between Two Population Means, 158


Exercises, 164


6.5 Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion, 165


Exercises, 166


6.6 Confidence Interval for the Difference between Two Population Proportions, 167


Exercises, 168


6.7 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Means, 169


Exercises, 171


6.8 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Proportions, 171


Exercises, 172


6.9 The Chi-Square Distribution and the Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Normally Distributed Population, 173


Exercises, 177


6.10 The F-Distribution and the Confidence Interval for the Ratio of the Variances of Two Normally Distributed Populations, 177


Exercises, 180


6.11 Summary, 181


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 6, 182


Review Questions and Exercises, 183


References, 186


7 HYPOTHESIS TESTING 189


7.1 Introduction, 190


7.2 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Mean, 200


Exercises, 211


7.3 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference between Two Population Means, 213


Exercises, 221


7.4 Paired Comparisons, 224


Exercises, 229


7.5 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Proportion, 232


Exercises, 234


7.6 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference between Two Population Proportions, 235


Exercises, 236


7.7 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Variance, 238


Exercises, 240


7.8 Hypothesis Testing: The Ratio of Two Population Variances, 241


Exercises, 244


7.9 The Type II Error and the Power of a Test, 245


Exercises, 249


7.10 Determining Sample Size to Control Type II Errors, 249


Exercises, 251


7.11 Summary, 251


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 7, 252


Review Questions and Exercises, 254


References, 264


8 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 267


8.1 Introduction, 268


8.2 The Completely Randomized Design, 271


Exercises, 289


8.3 The Randomized Complete Block Design, 294


Exercises, 301


8.4 The Repeated Measures Design, 305


Exercises, 313


8.5 The Factorial Experiment, 315


Exercises, 326


8.6 Summary, 329


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 8, 329


Review Questions and Exercises, 331


References, 350


9 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND CORRELATION 354


9.1 Introduction, 355


9.2 The Regression Model, 355


9.3 The Sample Regression Equation, 357


Exercises, 364


9.4 Evaluating the Regression Equation, 366


Exercises, 380


9.5 Using the Regression Equation, 380


Exercises, 384


9.6 The Correlation Model, 384


9.7 The Correlation Coefficient, 386


Exercises, 394


9.8 Some Precautions, 397


9.9 Summary, 398


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 9, 399


Review Questions and Exercises, 401


References, 413


10 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND CORRELATION 416


10.1 Introduction, 417


10.2 The Multiple Linear Regression Model, 417


10.3 Obtaining the Multiple Regression Equation, 418


Exercises, 423


10.4 Evaluating the Multiple Regression Equation, 427


Exercises, 433


10.5 Using the Multiple Regression Equation, 433


Exercises, 435


10.6 The Multiple Correlation Model, 435


Exercises, 443


10.7 Summary, 446


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 10, 447


Review Questions and Exercises, 448


References, 454


11 REGRESSION ANALYSIS: SOME ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUES 455


11.1 Introduction, 455


11.2 Qualitative Independent Variables, 459


Exercises, 472


11.3 Variable Selection Procedures, 474


Exercises, 478


11.4 Logistic Regression, 485


Exercises, 495


11.5 Poisson Regression, 497


Exercises, 503


11.6 Summary, 504


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 11, 505


Review Questions and Exercises, 506


References, 517


12 ThE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCIES 519


12.1 Introduction, 520


12.2 The Mathematical Properties of the Chi-Square Distribution, 520


12.3 Tests of Goodness-of-Fit, 523


Exercises, 533


12.4 Tests of Independence, 535


Exercises, 544


12.5 Tests of Homogeneity, 545


Exercises, 551


12.6 The Fisher’s Exact Test, 552


Exercises, 557


12.7 Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and the Mantel–Haenszel Statistic, 557


Exercises, 567


12.8 Summary, 569


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 12, 570


Review Questions and Exercises, 571


References, 576


13 NONPARAMETRIC AND DISTRIBUTION-FREE STATISTICS 579


13.1 Introduction, 580


13.2 Measurement Scales, 581


13.3 The Sign Test, 581


Exercises, 588


13.4 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Location, 589


Exercises, 593


13.5 The Median Test, 594


Exercises, 596


13.6 The Mann–Whitney Test, 597


Exercises, 602


13.7 The Kolmogorov–Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test, 604


Exercises, 610


13.8 The Kruskal–Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks, 610


Exercises, 615


13.9 The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks, 618


Exercises, 622


13.10 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient, 623


Exercises, 629


13.11 Nonparametric Regression Analysis, 631


Exercises, 634


13.12 Summary, 634


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 13, 635


Review Questions and Exercises, 636


References, 644


14 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 646


14.1 Introduction, 647


14.2 Time-to-Event Data and Censoring, 647


14.3 The Kaplan–Meier Procedure, 651


Exercises, 656


14.4 Comparing Survival Curves, 658


Exercises, 661


14.5 Cox Regression: The Proportional Hazards Model, 663


Exercises, 666


14.6 Summary, 667


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 14, 667


Review Questions and Exercises, 668


References, 669


15 VITAL STATISTICS 671


15.1 Introduction, 671


15.2 Death Rates and Ratios, 672


Exercises, 677


15.3 Measures of Fertility, 679


Exercises, 681


15.4 Measures of Morbidity, 682


Exercises, 683


15.5 Summary, 683


Summary of Formulas for Chapter 15, 684


Review Questions and Exercises, 685


References, 686


INDEX 689


The following supplements are available through your instructor


APPENDIX: STATISTICAL TABLES


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Produkt-Details

• Erscheinungsdatum: 02.11.2018
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Maße: 200 x 251 mm
• Gewicht: 1224 g
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Epidemiologie / Med. Biometrie
• ISBN-10: 1-119-28237-3 / 1119282373
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-28237-2 / 9781119282372
• Zustand: Neuware