Design of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators (eBook)

Ashwin Rao, A. R. Srinivasa, J. N. Reddy (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2015
XIII, 130 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-03188-0 (ISBN)

Infos

This short monograph presents an analysis and design methodology for shape memory alloy (SMA) components such as wires, beams, and springs for different applications. The solid-solid, diffusionless phase transformations in thermally responsive SMA allows them to demonstrate unique characteristics like superelasticity and shape memory effects. The combined sensing and actuating capabilities of such materials allows them to provide a system level response by combining multiple functions in a single material system. In SMA, the combined mechanical and thermal loading effects influence the functionality of such materials.

The aim of this book is to make the analysis of these materials accessible to designers by developing a 'strength of materials' approach to the analysis and design of such SMA components inspired from their various applications with a review of various factors influencing the design process for such materials.

Inhalt

Preface 7
Acknowledgments 9
Contents 10
1 Introduction to Shape Memory Alloys 13
1.1 Smart Materials--An Overview 13
1.2 Smart Structures---System Level Response 14
1.3 Shape Memory Alloys: Temperature Induced Phase Transformations 17
1.4 Shape Memory Effect and Superelasticity/Pseudoelasticity 20
1.5 Commonly Used Shape Memory Alloys 24
1.6 SMA Applications: Overview 27
1.6.1 Biomedical Applications 27
1.6.2 Civil Engineering Applications 31
1.6.3 Aerospace and Automotive Applications 35
1.6.4 Miscellaneous Applications 37
1.7 Chapter Summary 39
References 40
2 Need and Functionality Analysis 44
2.1 The System Design Process 46
2.1.1 Design Methodology: Structure and Guidelines 47
2.2 The Five Major Subsystems 49
2.3 How Do We Identify Need and Functionality for SMAs 51
References 52
3 Manufacturing and Post Treatment of SMA Components 53
3.1 Different Manufacturing Techniques 53
3.1.1 Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) Technique 54
3.1.2 Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) Technique 55
3.1.3 Electronic Beam Melting (EBM) Technique 56
3.1.4 Conventional/Normal Sintering Technique 56
3.1.5 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 57
3.1.6 Hot Isotactic Pressing (HIP) 57
3.1.7 Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) 57
3.1.8 Selective Laser Melting (SLM) 58
3.1.9 Metal Injection Molding (MLM) 59
3.2 Post Treatment of SMAs 59
3.2.1 Machining of SMA Components 60
3.2.2 Surface Treatment of SMA Components 60
3.2.3 Annealing and Coldworking of SMA 62
3.2.4 Joining of SMA to Itself and Other Materials Like Stainless Steel 63
3.2.5 Shape Setting of Nitinol 65
References 69
4 Basic SMA Component Geometries and Responses 71
4.1 SMA Wire Response---Tensile Loading 71
4.2 SMA Wire Response---Torsional Loading 75
4.3 SMA Spring Response---Torsional Loading 77
References 81
5 Factors Influencing Design of SMA Actuators 82
5.1 Geometry Factors 82
5.2 Effect of Alloy Composition 84
5.3 Effect of Shape Setting Conditions for Custom Shape (Making SMA Springs) 85
5.4 Effect of Operating Temperature on Mechanical Response 85
5.5 Effect of Loading Rates 86
5.6 Wire Training/Hysteresis Stabilization 87
References 88
6 Graphical Description of Temperature Controlled Actuation of SMA Wires 90
6.1 SMA Wire + Bias Spring Arrangement 90
6.1.1 SMA Wire Selection 90
6.1.2 Operating Temperature of SMA Wire 92
6.2 Graphical Design Approach for Stroke Estimation 92
6.2.1 Graphical Design Approach for Stroke Estimation---Load and Displacement Controlled Tests 94
6.2.2 SMA Wire + Bias Spring: Graphical Design Approach for Stroke Estimation Using Linearized Loading Response only 96
6.3 Case Study 2: Linear to Rotary Arrangement Using a SMA Wire + Bias Spring Arrangement Using Linearized Loading Response Only 97
6.4 Case Study 3: SMA Wire + Bias Spring Arrangement Using Linearized Loading---Unloading Response 102
6.5 Case Study 4: SMA Wire + Bias Spring Arrangement ƒ 105
References 106
7 Case Studies in the Preliminary Design of SMA Actuators 107
7.1 Different Modes of Operation 109
7.1.1 Constant Force Mode 109
7.1.2 Constant Deflection Mode 110
7.1.3 Simultaneous Force-Deflection Mode 110
7.2 Design of SMA Wires Under Constant Force 111
7.3 Case Study II: Design Procedure for Ti--Ni (SMA) Springs 113
7.4 Spring Design Case Study 113
7.4.1 Design Model and Assumptions 113
7.4.2 Terms Used in Design of SMA Springs 115
7.5 Example: Design of a Remote Controlled Flow Control Valve Using an SMA 116
7.5.1 Statement of Requirement 116
7.6 Extensional Spring Design 120
7.7 Heating and Cooling of Shape Memory Wires 121
7.7.1 Time Taken to Heat Up and Cool Down 122
References 123
8 Coupling SMA Actuators with Mechanisms: Principle of Virtual Work 124
8.1 The Need for Mechanisms 124
8.2 The Loading Curve and the SMA Response 127
8.3 3-D Design 130
8.4 Bias Forces 131
Reference 131
9 Fatigue of SMAs 132
9.1 Structural and Functional Fatigue in SMAs 132
9.2 Reporting Fatigue Data 135
References 136

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.5.2015
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Computational Mechanics
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Computational Mechanics
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 130 p. 65 illus., 63 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Wahrscheinlichkeit / Kombinatorik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) • shape memory effect • SMA Actuators • Springer Materials • Superelasticity • Thermomechanics of Smart Materials • Wire Materials
• ISBN-10: 3-319-03188-0 / 3319031880
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-03188-0 / 9783319031880