Current Sources and Voltage References (eBook)

A Design Reference for Electronics Engineers

Linden T. Harrison (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 1. Auflage
608 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-045555-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Current Sources and Voltage References provides fixed, well-regulated levels of current or voltage within a circuit. These are two of the most important building blocks of analog circuits, and are typically used in creating most analog IC designs.

Part 1 shows the reader how current sources are created, how they can be optimized, and how they can be utilized by the OEM circuit designer. The book serves as a must-have reference for the successful development of precision circuit applications. It shows practical examples using either BJTs, FETs, precision op amps, or even matched CMOS arrays being used to create highly accurate current source designs, ranging from nanoAmps to Amps. In each chapter the most important characteristics of the particular semiconductor type being studied are carefully reviewed. This not only serves as a helpful refresher for experienced engineers, but also as a good foundation for all EE student coursework, and includes device models and relevant equations.

Part 2 focuses on semiconductor voltage references, from their design to their various practical enhancements. It ranges from the simple Zener diode to today's most advanced topologies, including Analog Devices' XFET? and Intersil's FGAT (invented while this book was being written). Over 300 applications and circuit diagrams are shown throughout this easy-to-read, practical reference book.

* Discusses how to design low-noise, precision current sources using matched transistor pairs.

* Explains the design of high power current sources with power MOSFETs

* Gives proven techniques to reduce drift and improve accuracy in voltage references.

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Current Sources and Voltage References provides fixed, well-regulated levels of current or voltage within a circuit. These are two of the most important "e;building blocks "e; of analog circuits, and are typically used in creating most analog IC designs. Part 1 shows the reader how current sources are created, how they can be optimized, and how they can be utilized by the OEM circuit designer. The book serves as a "e;must-have? reference for the successful development of precision circuit applications. It shows practical examples using either BJTs, FETs, precision op amps, or even matched CMOS arrays being used to create highly accurate current source designs, ranging from nanoAmps to Amps. In each chapter the most important characteristics of the particular semiconductor type being studied are carefully reviewed. This not only serves as a helpful refresher for experienced engineers, but also as a good foundation for all EE student coursework, and includes device models and relevant equations.Part 2 focuses on semiconductor voltage references, from their design to their various practical enhancements. It ranges from the simple Zener diode to today's most advanced topologies, including Analog Devices' XFET(R) and Intersil's FGA(TM) (invented while this book was being written). Over 300 applications and circuit diagrams are shown throughout this easy-to-read, practical reference book.* Discusses how to design low-noise, precision current sources using matched transistor pairs.* Explains the design of high power current sources with power MOSFETs* Gives proven techniques to reduce drift and improve accuracy in voltage references.

Inhalt

front cover 1
copyright 5
table of contents 8
front matter 15
Figures 15
Tables 27
Acknowledgements 31
body 34
1. A Short History of References 34
1.1 Introduction 34
1.2 The first JFETs and op amps 36
1.3 The first bandgaps 38
1.4 The buried-zener debuts 40
1.5 Advancements in technology 41
1.6 Other topologies emerge 42
2. An Introduction to Current Sources 46
2.1 An overview 46
2.2 Precision resistors, networks, and trimmers 54
2.3 Essential development equipment 62
3. The P-N Junction 64
3.1 Characteristics of the P-N junction 64
4. Using BJTs to Create Current Sources 80
4.1 Characteristics of the BJT 82
4.2 Using the BJT as a current source 100
4.3 Widlar current sources 107
4.4 Wilson current mirrors 114
4.5 Wyatt current source 120
4.6 Multiple current mirrors 122
4.7 Cascode current mirrors 124
4.8 Current scaling 128
4.9 Modified current sources and example applications 135
5. Using Precision Matched- Pairs, Duals, and Quads 158
5.1 Precision BJT matched-pairs 158
5.2 Quality dual transistors 162
6. Using JFETs and CRDs to Create Current Sources 170
6.1 The JFET paved the way 170
6.2 Characteristics of the JFET 173
6.3 Using the JFET as a current source 184
6.4 The JFET cascode current source 196
6.5 JFET current regulator diodes 199
6.6 Using JFETs to create ultra-low-leakage diodes 213
7. Creating Medium-Power Current Sources with DMOS FETs 218
7.1 Depletion-mode DMOS FETs 219
7.2 The importance of silicon-gate 221
7.3 Characteristics of depletion-mode DMOS FETs 223
7.4 Depletion-mode DMOS current sources 228
7.5 The cascode DMOS current source 230
7.6 The JFET-DMOS cascode current source 232
7.7 Lateral depletion-mode DMOS FETs 233
8. Creating Current Sources with Power MOSFETs 236
8.1 Characteristics of enhancement-mode MOSFETs 237
8.2 Using the enhancement-mode MOSFET as a current source 251
8.3 Using “smart” power MOSFETS 261
8.4 IXYS power MOS current sources 262
8.5 Lateral enhancement-mode MOSFETs 263
9. Using Analog CMOS Arrays to Create Current Sources 264
9.1 RCA pioneered CMOS 264
9.2 Characteristics of CMOS FETs 268
9.3 Using CMOS linear arrays to create current sources 274
9.4 Using ALD’s programmable EPADs to create precision current sources 285
9.5 ALD breaks the gate-threshold barrier 286
10. Using Monolithic IC Current Sources and Mirrors 294
10.1 National’s LM134 - a monolithic IC current source 294
10.2 Current source applications for the LM134 299
10.3 Using the LM134 as a temperature sensor 304
10.4 TI/Burr-Brown’s REF-200 monolithic current source 306
11. Creating Precision Current Sources with Op Amps and Voltage References 314
11.1 How op amps evolved 314
11.2 Some op amp characteristics 319
11.3 Op amp supply bypassing and input protection 327
11.4 Creating current sources with op amps 329
11.5 Creating precision current regulators with op amps 344
12. An Introduction to Voltage References 352
12.1 Introduction and history 352
12.2 Understanding voltage reference specifications 357
12.3 Enhancing the voltage reference design 372
12.4 Unused terminals on the package 387
12.5 Package types 388
12.6 PCB layout 389
12.7 Why not do it yourself? 389
12.8 Comparing precision 392
13. The zener Diode and the TC zener Reference 396
13.1 Introduction 396
13.2 Characteristics of the zener diode 398
13.3 Some simple zener applications 415
13.4 Temperature-compensated zeners 426
14. Characteristics of Monolithic Voltage References 436
14.1 Bandgap voltage references 437
14.2 Buried-zener voltage references 448
14.3 The XFET voltage reference 454
14.4 The Intersil/Xicor FGA™ voltage reference 457
14.5 Low-voltage considerations 459
14.6 Comparing the different topologies 466
15. A Review of Some Outstanding Monolithic Voltage References and Their Applications 470
15.1 Applying the bandgap shunt reference 471
15.2 Applying fixed-series bandgap references 484
15.3 Applying adjustable-series bandgaps 499
15.4 Using the Analog Devices™ XFET reference 511
15.5 Applying buried-zener references 516
15.6 Applying the Intersil/Xicor FGA™ X60008 527
15.7 Multiple voltage references and multiple loads 534
15.8 A look to the future 539
A. References and Tables 546
A.1 Powers of 10 and Equivalents 546
B. Glossary 558
C. Bibliography 568
C.1 PART I—Current Sources 568
C.2 PART II—Voltage References 573
D. Contact Information 576
D.1 SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURERS 576
D.2 ELECTRONICS DISTRIBUTORS 582
D.3 PRECISION PASSIVES MANUFACTURERS 583
D.4 INSTRUMENTATION MANUFACTURERS 588
D.5 Magazines & Periodicals

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.8.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-045555-7 / 0080455557
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-045555-6 / 9780080455556