X-Ray Computed Tomography in Biomedical Engineering (eBook)

Robert Cierniak (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XII, 319 Seiten
Springer London (Verlag)
978-0-85729-027-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Computed Tomography gives a detailed overview of various aspects of computed tomography. It discusses X-ray CT tomography from a historical point of view, the design and physical operating principles of computed tomography apparatus, the algorithms of image reconstruction and the quality assessment criteria of tomography scanners. Algorithms of image reconstruction from projections, a crucial problem in medical imaging, are considered in depth. The author gives descriptions of the reconstruction methods related to tomography scanners with a parallel X-ray beam, trough solutions with fan-shaped beam and successive modifications of spiral scanners. Computed Tomography contains a dedicated chapter for those readers who are interested in computer simulations based on studies of reconstruction algorithms. The information included in this chapter will enable readers to create a simulation environment in which virtual tomography projections can be obtained in all basic projection systems. This monograph is a valuable study on computed tomography that will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in the fields of biomedical engineering, medical electronics, computer science and medicine.

Robert Cierniak received an M.S. degree in Electronics Engineering in 1990, and a PhD degree in Computer Science in 1995, both from Cracow University of Technology, Poland. From 1991 to 2008 he conducted research at the Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland. He spent the period from 1991 to 1996 with the Institute of Electronics and Control Systems, and the period from 1996 to 2009 with the Institute of Computer Engineering, as an assistant professor. He has now become a full professor in this Institute. His main interests include neural networks, biomedical applications of artificial intelligence, computer vision and image processing.

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Computed Tomography discusses the history of X-ray computed tomography (CT), the design and physical operating principles of computed tomography apparatus, the algorithms for image reconstruction and the quality assessment criteria of tomography scanners. The considerations of algorithms for image reconstruction from projections and the exploration of crucial problems in the technique of medical imaging will be of particular interest to those working in the field.Some of the topics covered in most detail are reconstruction methods related to tomography scanners and computer simulation studied through reconstruction algorithms. The information included in this book is designed to guide readers in the creation of a simulation environment in which virtual tomography projections can be obtained in all basic projection systems.Computed Tomography will appeal to a wide audience: students and researchers alike will appreciate its relevance to such disciplines as biomedical engineering, medical electronics, computer science and medicine.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
Introduction 12
Some Words About the History of Computed Tomography 17
References 29
Technical Concepts of X-ray Computed Tomography Scanners 30
3.1 Data Acquisition Systems 31
3.2 X-ray Sources 41
3.3 X-ray Detectors 54
3.4 Imaging in Computed Tomography Devices 61
References 69
The Physics of Data Acquisition 72
4.1 X-ray Propagation Through Matters 72
4.2 The Radon Transform 77
4.3 X-ray Collimators 81
4.4 Physical Causes of Artefacts in the Reconstructed Image 82
References 90
Reconstruction from Parallel-beam Projections 91
5.1 Geometry of the Parallel-beam Scanner 91
5.2 Geometry of the Discrete Parallel-beam Scanner 94
5.3 Image Reconstruction from Projections: Problem Formulation 101
5.4 Reconstruction Methods by Convolution/Filtration and Back- Projection 105
References 133
Reconstruction from Fan-beam Projections 134
6.1 Geometry of the Fan-beam Scanner 134
6.2 Geometry of the Discrete Projection System 136
6.3 Reconstruction Method with Rebinning 138
6.4 Discrete Implementation of the Reconstruction Method with Rebinning 140
6.5 Direct Fan-beam Reconstruction Method 142
6.6 Discrete Implementation of the Direct Fan-beam Reconstruction Method 148
References 154
Spiral Tomography 155
7.1 Single Slice Computed Tomography—SSCT 156
7.2 Multi-Slice Computed Tomography—MSCT 176
7.3 Cone-Beam Spiral Computed Tomography—CBCT 191
References 234
Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques 238
8.1 Formulation of the Algebraic Problem of Image Reconstruction from Projections 239
8.2 Algebraic Reconstruction Algorithms 242
8.3 Iterative Coordinate Descent Algorithm 253
8.4 Practical Approach to the Iterative Coordinate Descent Alogorithm 267
References 269
Evaluation of CT Devices 271
9.1 Technical Parameters of CT Devices 271
9.2 Phantoms 274
9.3 Start-up and Test Procedures 281
References 282
Computer-Generated Projections for Simulations 284
10.1 Mathematical Model for Parallel-beam Projections 285
10.2 Mathematical Model for Fan-beam Projections 290
10.3 Mathematical Model for Cone-beam Spiral Projections 291
10.4 Introduction of Noise to the Projections 297
References 298
Functions and their Properties 299
Sample Code for Selected Functions 308
Index 314

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 6.1.2011
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 319 p.
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Grafik / Design
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Radiologie / Bildgebende Verfahren ► Computertomographie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Schlagworte: biomedical engineering • Computed tomography • Medical Electronics • Medical Imaging
• ISBN-10: 0-85729-027-4 / 0857290274
• ISBN-13: 978-0-85729-027-4 / 9780857290274