High Speed VCSELs for Optical Interconnects (eBook)

Alex Mutig (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XIV, 169 Seiten
Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Verlag)
978-3-642-16570-2 (ISBN)

Infos

The transmission speed of data communication systems is forecast to increase exponentially over the next decade. Development of both Si-based high-speed drivers as well as III-V-semiconductor-based high-speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are prerequisites for future ultrahigh data-rate systems. This thesis presents: - a survey of the present state of the art of VCSELs - a systematic investigation of the various effects limiting present VCSELs - a catalogue of solutions to overcome present limits - detailed progress in modelling, fabricating and testing the currently most advanced VCSELs at the two commercially most important wavelengths.

Inhalt

Supervisor’s Foreword 7
Acknowledgments 10
Contents 12
1 Introduction 14
1.1…Introduction 14
1.2…Optics in Telecom and Datacom and the Role of VCSELs 15
1.3…Moore’s Law in Datacom 20
1.4…Recent Progress on High Speed VCSELs 22
1.4.1 State-of-the-art of 850 nm VCSELs 23
1.4.2 State-of-the-art of 980 nm VCSELs 24
1.4.3 State-of-the-art of 1100 nm VCSELs 25
1.5…Dissertation Contribution and Overview 26
References 27
2 Physical Processes in Lasers and VCSEL Design 32
2.1…Optical Properties 33
2.1.1 Transfer Matrix Method and 1D Simulations 34
2.1.2 Eigenmode Expansion Technique for 3D VCSEL Modeling 41
2.1.3 Mode Structure of Oxide-Confined VCSELs 46
2.1.4 Calculation of the Lasing Mode Parameters 48
2.2…Electrical Properties 54
2.2.1 Carrier Dynamic in Semiconductor Lasers 54
2.2.2 Electrical Design of the DBR Mirrors 57
2.2.3 Design of the Active Region 61
2.2.4 Equivalent Circuit and Electrical Parasitics of a VCSEL 66
2.2.5 Design of Impedance Matched High Frequency Contact Pads 69
2.3…Thermal Properties 72
2.3.1 Heat Generation and Thermal Resistance of Oxide-Confined VCSELs 72
2.3.2 Temperature Dependence of the Basic Laser Parameters 77
2.4…The Rate Equations 80
2.4.1 Rate Equation Model and Steady-State Solutions 80
2.4.2 Small-Signal Frequency Response 87
References 95
3 VCSEL Growth and Fabrication 98
3.1…Growth of the VCSEL Epitaxial Structure 98
3.2…VCSEL Fabrication Technology 101
References 106
4 High Temperature Stable 980 nm VCSEL Results 107
4.1…VCSELs with the SML Active Region 107
4.1.1 Device Structure 107
4.1.2 Static Characteristics 108
4.1.3 Small Signal Modulation Analysis 113
4.1.4 Large Signal Modulation Characteristics 119
4.1.5 Summary of the 980 nm SML-VCSEL Results 121
4.2…VCSELs with the QW Active Region 123
4.2.1 Device Structure 123
4.2.2 Static Characteristics 124
4.2.3 Small Signal Modulation Analysis 129
4.2.4 Large Signal Modulation Characteristics 139
4.2.5 Summary of the 980 nm QW-VCSEL Results 142
References 144
5 High Speed 850 nm VCSEL Results 145
5.1…Device Structure 146
5.2…Static Characteristics 147
5.3…Small Signal Modulation Analysis 150
5.4…Large Signal Modulation Characteristics 156
5.5…Summary of the 850 nm QW-VCSEL Results 161
References 162
6 Conclusions and Outlook 163
6.1…Summary 163
6.2…Future Works 165
References 168
Appendix 170
Appendix A: Measurement Setup 170
Curriculum Vitae 174
List of Publications and Conference Presentations 175

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.1.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Theses
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Theses
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 169 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: High speed data communication • high speed direct modulation • optical interconnects • Semiconductor Lasers • VCSEL Design • VCSEL Growth • VCSELs • vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
• ISBN-10: 3-642-16570-2 / 3642165702
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-16570-2 / 9783642165702