Communities and Technologies 2007 (eBook)

Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference, Michigan State University 2007

Charles Steinfield, Brian T. Pentland, Mark Ackerman, Noshir Contractor (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2007
XIII, 565 Seiten
Springer London (Verlag)
978-1-84628-905-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This book covers the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and communities - both physical and virtual. Community technology applications are studied in many contexts. The book demonstrates the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of evolving communities and technologies scholarship.

Inhalt

C& T 2007 Sponsors
C& T 2007 Conference and Program Committees
From the Conference Chairs 8
Table of Contents 
10 
Everything in Moderation: The Effects of Adult Moderators in Online Youth Communities 
13 
1. Introduction 13
2. Background 14
2.1 Adults in Youth Communities 15
2.2 Youth in Youth Communities 17
2.3 Moderation in Online Communities 18
2.4 Moderation in Junior Summit 19
3. METHODS 20
3.1 Participants 20
3.2 Procedure 20
Content Analysis 20
Social Network Analysis 21
3.3 Measures 21
4. Results 23
4.1 Participation Levels 23
4.2 Interconnectedness 24
4.3 Polite and Task-Oriented Language 26
5. Discussion and Conclusion 27
6. Acknowledgements 30
7. References 31
Introductions and Requests: Rhetorical Strategies That Elicit Response in Online Communities 
33 
1. Introduction 33
1.1 Conversation Is Critical to Success 33
2. Factors That Increase Likelihood of Reply 34
2.1 Introductions 35
2.2 Requests 36
2.3 Limitations of Previous Work 36
3. Study 1: Correlational Analysis of 41,000 Usenet Messages 
37 
3.1 Data Collection 37
3.2 Measures 38
Dependent Variable 38
Independent Variables: Rhetorical Strategies 38
Controls 39
3.3 Results and Discussion 39
4. Study 2: Introduction Manipulations 42
4.1 Method 42
4.2 ReSUlts and Discussion 44
5. Study 3: Introduction and Question Manipulations 45
5.1 Results and Discussion 46
6. General Discussion 48
6.1 Limitations and Directions for Future Work 49
7. Conclusion 49
8. Acknowledgments 49
9. References 50
Rhythms of Social Interaction: Messaging Within a Massive Online Network 
52 
1. Introduction 52
1.1 Social Networks and the Internet 53
1.2 Facebook 54
1.3 Messaging and Poking in Facebook 55
1.4 Messaging and Poking as Proxies for Online Social Activity 56
1.5 Time Spent Communicating Online 57
2. Data 58
3. Results 59
3.1 Who is a Friend? 59
3.2 School Ties 60
3.3 Reciprocity 62
3.4 Temporal Rhythms 63
3.5 School and Friend Ties Over Time 66
3.6 Seasonal Variation 67
3.7 Variation by School: Clustering Effect 69
4. Conclusion 72
5. References 73
6. Appendices 74
A Noun Phrase Analysis Tool for Mining Online Community Conversations 
78 
1. Introduction 78
2. Noun-Phrase Extraction Method 80
3. Corpus 81
3.1 Permissions 82
4. Data Processing 82
4.1 Noun Phrase Extractor 83
5. The Application Environment 85
6. Analyzing Word Use and the Online Community 86
6.1 Important Topics: Databases, Books 89
6.2 Community Style: Don'tThink, Don't Know, Don't Have 90
6.3 Community Interaction and Support: Agree/Disagree, Thanks 
91 
6.4 CMC language 92
7. Future work 93
8. Conclusion 95
9. References 95
Reflections and Reactions to Social Accounting Meta-Data 
98 
1. Introduction 98
2. Data and Methods 101
3. Analysis and Results 102
4. Discussion 110
4.1 Reputation and Community 110
4.2 Identity: The Self and Others 114
5. Conclusion 115
6. References 116
Modes of Social Science Engagement in Community Infrastructure Design 
118 
1. Introduction 118
2. Cases, Methods and Intervention 
120 
3. Four Elements Influencing the Mode of Engagement 122
3.1 State of the Infrastructure Project 123
3.2 Organization of Social Science Engagement 125
4. Three Distinct Cases - Three Distinct Modes of Engagement 
126 
4.1 GEON - The Geosciences Network 126
4.2 LTER- Long Term Ecological Research 128
4.3 01 - Ocean Informatics 130
5. Discussion: Modes of Engagement 132
5.1 Examples of Participation Types 134
6. Conclusion 138
7. Acknowledgements 139
8. References 140
Workplace Connectors as Facilitators for Work 142
1. Introduction 142
2. Moving beyond communities of practice in the workplace 
143 
3. The Field Site 145
4. Coding Interactions 147
5. Criteria for Community Membership 148
6. Results 149
6.1 Connectors in the Workplace 149
6.2 Switching Interactions in the Workplace 154
7. Discussion 156
7.1 Formal and Informal Connectors 157
7.2 Connectors as a Unit of Analysis 157
8. Conclusions and Future Work 159
9. References 160
Online and Offline Integration in Virtual Communities of Patients - an Empirical Analysis 
162 
1. Introduction and motivation 162
2. Health care and Virtual communities of patients 163
2.1 Self-help organizations and self-help groups of patients 163
2.2 Online health communities 164
2.3 Virtual communities 165
3. Connecting Online and Offline 165
3.1 Influence factors and e-services within VCHC 167
4. Research method 168
5. Demographic characteristics 169
6. Summary 177
7. Discussion 178
8. Acknowledgments 180
9. References 180
Life in the Times of Whypox: A Virtual Epidemic as a Community Event 
182 
1. Introduction 182
2. Background 183
3. Methods 185
4. Life in Whyville before Whypox 186
5. Arrival of Whypox in Community 188
6. Life after Whypox 195
7. Discussion 196
7.1 Designing Community Events 197
7.2 Educational Applications of Community Events 198
8. Acknowledgments 199
9. References 200
Communities of Practice in MMORPGs: An Entry Point into Addiction? 
202 
1. Introduction 202
2. MMORPG as Supporting Tools for Communities of Practice - A Theoretical Approach 
203 
3. Communities of Practice in World of Warcraft - An Empirical Study 
206 
4. Playtime of World of Warcraft Players and Perception of Community 
211 
5. Heavy Useor Addiction - A Normative Question? 
213 
6. Addiction in World of Warcraft - An Empirical Study 214
7. Conclusion 217
8. References 218
Factors Affecting User Participation in Video UCC(User-Created Contents) Services 
220 
1. Introduction 220
2. Overview of Video UCC 221
3. Theories and Research hypotheses 223
3.1 Intrinsic Motivation 223
3.2 Extrinsic motivation (Perceived Usefulness) 224
3.3 Perceived Easeof Participation 225
3.4 Perceived Trust 225
4. Samples and Data Collection 226
5. Data analysis and result 228
5.1 Reliability and Validity Test 228
5.2 Overall Model Fit 230
5.3 Results and Implications 230
6. Conclusions 233
7. Acknowledgements 233
8. References 234
ASocio-Technical Approach for Topic Community Member Selection 
236 
1. Introduction 236
2. A Socio-Technical Approach for Topic Community Member Selection 
237 
3. The Analysis of Digital Traces in Weblog Communities 240
4. Case: Selecting Potential Members of a Topic Community on Ice Cap Melting 
242 
4.1 Scenario: Developing a Topic Community on Ice Cap Melting 
242 
4.2 Applying the Socio-Technical Approach 243
5. Discussion 250
6. Conclusion 253
7. References 254
Tracking Online Collaborative Work as Representational Practice: Analysis and Tool 
256 
1. Introduction 256
2. Background 257
3. Wiki Technology 259
3.1 Revision History: Tracking Page Edits 260
3.2 Analyzing the Revision History 260
4. WikiPlayer 261
4.1 UserInterface 262
4.2 Extending the WikiPlayer 263
5. Experiment: Data on Online Collaboration 263
6. Representational Work 264
6.1 Representational Information Transfer (Mapping) 265
6.2 Representational Task Management 266
6.3 Representational Task Organization 266
6.4 Organization of the Representational System 267
7. A Quantitative Measure 267
8. Results 269
8.1 Teams That Finished 269
8.2 Ineffective Teams 271
8.3 Hierarchical Clustering 272
9. Future Work 273
10. Conclusions 273
11. References 274
Implicit Many-ta-One Communication in Online Communities 
276 
1. Introduction 276
2. The BBC Framework 279
3. Business Issues in Online Communities 283
4. References 284
Sharing Wireless Internet in Urban Neighbourhoods 
286 
1. Introduction 286
2. Wireless Internet and Community Networking 288
3. Attitudes Towards Sharing and Wireless 289
4. Methodology and Findings 290
4.1 Radio Surveys 290
4.2 Questionnaires and Interviews 291
5. Discussion 297
5.1 Infrastructure Deployment 297
5.2 Local Ad HocSharing 298
5.3 Opportunities for Sharing 300
6. Conclusion 302
7. Acknowledgments 303
8. References 303
CommunityNetSimulator: Using Simulations to Study Online Community Networks 
306 
1. Introduction 306
2. Social Networks in Online Communities 307
2.1 The Community Expertise Network 307
2.2 Research on OnlineCommunity Networks 309
2.3 Simulation as a Method to Study Community Expertise Networks 
311 
3. The CNS Simulator 
314 
3.1 Overview 316
3.2 Generating Networks 317
3.3 Analyzing Networks 320
Network Visualization as an Analysis Tool 320
Advanced Network Analysis Methods 322
Degree Histogram 322
Correlation Histogram 323
MotifProfiling Analysis 324
3.4 Algorithm Analysis Interface 325
4. CNS and Empirical Studies 
327 
5. Discussion and Future Work 329
6. Summary 330
7. Acknowledgements 330
8. References 331
Technology and Community Behavior in Online Environments 
333 
1. Introduction 333
1.1 PriorResearch on the Role of Technology in Online Community Behavior 
334 
2. Social Processes and Technology Features in Virtual Communities 
337 
3. Method 341
3.1 Technology and Behavior in Mommy Sites 343
Identity 343
Influence 345
Intimacy 347
4. Discussion 349
5. Conclusion 350
6. References 351
7. Appendix 356
Trust in Electronic Networks of Practice: An Integrative Model 
361 
1. Introduction 361
2. Theoretical Development 362
2.1 Cognition-based Trust 364
2.3 Affection-based Trust 366
2.4 Situation-based Trust 367
3. Research Method 368
3.1 Research Site and Survey Administration 368
3.2 Respondents 370
3.3 Measures and Measurement Properties 370
4. Results 372
5. Discussion 374
6. Conclusion 378
7. References 378
8. Appendix I. Measures and Indicators 380
Embeddedness and Media Use in Networks of Practice 
381 
1. Introduction 381
2. Theoretical Arguments 383
2.1 Knowledge Networks and Embeddedness 383
2.2 Embeddedness in Practice 384
2.3 Social Embeddedness 385
2.4 Media Useand Embeddedness 386
3. Method 388
3.1 Measures 389
3.2 Analysis 391
4. Case Study Findings 391
4.1 Knowledge Networks within TOO 391
4.2 Results from Survey and Interviews 393
4.3 Research Question 1 395
4.4 Research Question 2 396
5. Discussion 399
6. References 401
Enriching Community Networks by Supporting Deliberation 
405 
1. Introduction: Constraints to the Diffusion of E-Participation 
405 
2. The Theoretical Framework: Participatory Processes Key Features 
408 
3. Deliberative Community Networks 410
3.1 The Community Space 411
3.2 The Informational Space 412
3.3 The DCN Core: The Deliberative Space 413
4. Developing and Testing a DCN Prototype: ComunaliMilano2006 
414 
4.1 ComunaliMilano2006 Features and Characteristics 415
Publicmoderated Forums 416
Brainstorming Area 416
Candidates' Areas 417
The Events Area 418
Technical Choices 419
4.2 Some Data about ComunaliMilano2006 
419 
4.3 Some Insights about Usability and Usage Patterns 
422 
5. Conclusion and Future Work 423
6. AcknOWledgements 424
7. References 424
Models of Government Blogging: Design Trade off sin Civic Engagement 
428 
1. Introduction 428
2. Emerging Technologies: Blogs, RSS, Podcasting 
430 
2.1 Really Simple Syndication (RSS) and Podcasting 430
2.2. Blogs 
431 
3. Who Is Slogging and Why 
432 
4. Methodology 434
4.1 Review of Local Government Blogs 
434 
4.2 Method for Case Study: Town of 81acksburg Blog 
435 
5. Results 436
5.1 Review of US Local Government Blogs 
436 
Location andAuthorProfile 436
Multimedia, RSSand Podcasting 438
Linksand PublicComments 438
Design Trade-offs in CivicParticipation 439
5.2 Case StUdy of Blacksburg Task Force Blog 440
Participant Observation 440
Task Force Questionnaire 442
6. Discussion: Models of local government blogging 443
7. Acknowledgement 445
8. References 445
Tuning In: Challenging Design for Communities through a Field Study of Radio Amateurs 
448 
1. Introduction 448
2. Field StUdy 450
2.1 Introducing Amateur Radio 451
2.2 Experimentation through Communication 452
2.3 Learning by Listening 453
2.4 Continuously Perfecting the Equipment 455
2.5 Research for the Community and for the Public at Large 456
2.6 Long Distance Connections 457
2.7 Other Notable Achievements 459
2.8 Organising a Connection 461
3. Discussion 464
3.1 Contingency, Challenge and the Everyday Texture of Interaction 
466 
3.2 Community and technology from a Ham perspective 466
3.3 Challenging Design 468
4. Conclusion 469
5. References 470
Analyzing the Dynamics of Community Formation Using Brokering Activities 
471 
1. Introduction 471
2. Research Objective 473
3. Towards Methods for Dynamic Network Analysis 474
4. Defining the Concept of Dynamic Brokering Activity 475
4.1 Software-based Analysis and Visualization Methods 477
4.2 Data Source 479
5. Data Analysis and Results 480
6. Discussion and Conclusion 483
7. References 485
A Relational Scaffolding Model of Hybrid Communication 
486 
1. Introduction 486
2. Relationships in Approaches of Computer-mediated Communication 
487 
3. Relationship Concepts 489
4. Scaffolding and Conversational Scaffolding 490
4.1 The Relational Scaffolding Model 491
5. Research Methods and Sample 494
6. Relational Patterns in Hybrid Communication 496
6.1 The Core Pattern: The Explification Spiral 496
Communicating Explicitly 496
RegUlation of Communication 497
6.2 Overviewing the Landscape Using the Core Pattern in theContext of Organized Communication 499
6.3 Pattern 'People Placements' 499
6.4 Pattern "Social Awareness" 501
6.5 Pattern"Activation of hierarchy" 502
6.6 Pattern "Committing on Groundrules" 503
6.7 Pattern "Superior Orientation" 504
6.8 Pattern "Communication Codeof Conduct" 504
6.9 Pattern "Creating Conciousness About the Documenting Effect of CMC" 
505 
7. Discussion 506
7.1 Implications 509
8. Conclusion 511
9. References 512
Advice Networks and Local Diffusion of Technological Innovations 
516 
1. Introduction 516
2. Structural Perspectives on Diffusion of Innovations 517
2.1 Diffusion of simple technological innovations 518
2.2 Diffusion of leT for Development 519
3. Empirical Analysis 523
3.1 Data 523
Advice Survey 525
Graph-theoretic Data Sets 526
Attribute Data 
526 
4. Media Technology and Innovation 528
5. RESULTS 530
6. DISCUSSION 531
6.1 Future Direction 533
7. REFERENCES 534
World Wide Webs: Crossing the Digital Dividethrough Promotion of Public Access 
537 
1. Introduction 537
2. Digital Divide 538
2.1 Inclusion and Access 538
3. Bridging the Divide through Public Access 540
3.1 SmartCape Access Project 540
3.2 What Do People Do Online? 543
3.3 Does Smart Cape Provide Real Access? 546
4. Conclusion 549
5. References 550
High Tech Programmers in Low-Income Communities: Creating a Computer Culture in a Community Technology Center 
551 
1. Introduction 551
2. Background 552
3. Context and Approach 555
4. Findings 557
4.1 Technical Changes: Integrating Programming intothe Clubhouse Design Portfolio 
557 
4.2 Proliferation of Programming Activities in the Clubhouse 560
5 
561 
5 
563 
5 
564 
6. Discussion 566
7. Next Steps 567
8. Acknowledgements 568
9. References 568
Author Index 570

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 27.5.2010
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 565 p.
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Netzwerke
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Wirtschaftsinformatik
• Schlagworte: ACCESS • e-government • Internet • Simulation • Trust
• ISBN-10: 1-84628-905-X / 184628905X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-905-7 / 9781846289057