Complete Works of Sophocles. Illustrated (eBook)

Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Philoctetes, Electra and others

Sophocles (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2021 | 1. Auflage
1722 Seiten
Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing (Verlag)
978-0-88001-109-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians (also Aeschylus and Euripides) whose plays have survived. His characters spoke in a way that was more natural to them and more expressive of their individual character feelings. The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays. The Translations 1. AJAX 2. ANTIGONE 3. THE WOMEN OF TRACHIS 4. OEDIPUS THE KING 5. PHILOCTETES 6. ELECTRA 7. OEDIPUS AT COLONUS 8. FRAGMENTS 9. MINOR FRAGMENTS The Greek Texts 1. ???? - AJAX 2. ????????? - THE WOMEN OF TRACHIS 3. ???????? ???????? - OEDIPUS THE KING 4. ?????????? - PHILOCTETES 5. ???????? ??? ?????? - OEDIPUS AT COLONUS 6. FRAGMENTS The Biographies INTRODUCTION TO SOPHOCLES by F. Storr SOPHOCLES by T. W. Lumb

 The most famous tragedies of Sophocles

Textauszug

AJAX

Translated by Lewis Campbell

Regarded by most scholars as an early work, from 450–430 BC, this tragedy chronicles the fate of the warrior Ajax after the events of Homer’s Iliad, but before the end of the Trojan War. At the onset of the play, Ajax is enraged when Achilles’ armour was awarded to Odysseus instead of to him and so he vows to kill the Greek leaders that have disgraced him. Before he can enact his revenge, he is deceived by the goddess Athena into believing that the sheep and cattle that were taken by the Achaeans as spoil are the Greek leaders. He slaughters some of them and takes the others back to his home to torture, including a ram which he believes to be his main rival, Odysseus.

When Ajax realises what he has done, he suffers great agony over his actions, believing the other Greek warriors are laughing at him and so contemplates ending his life due to his shame. His concubine, Tecmessa, pleads for him not to leave her and her child unprotected. Ajax then gives his son, Eurysakes, his shield. He leaves the house saying that he is going out to purify himself and bury the sword given to him by Hector. Teukros, Ajax’s brother, arrives in the Greek camp and is taunted by his fellow soldiers. Kalchas warns that Ajax should not be allowed to leave his tent until the end of the day or he will die. Teukros sends a messenger to Ajax’s campsite with word of Kalchas’ prophesy. Tecmessa and soldiers try to track him down, but are too late. Ajax had indeed buried the sword, but has left the blade sticking out of the ground and has impaled himself upon it.

The last part of the drama revolves around the dispute over what to do with Ajax’s body. Ajax’s half brother Teukros intends on burying him despite the demands of Menelaus and Agamemnon that the corpse is not to be buried. Odysseus, although previously Ajax’s enemy, steps in and persuades them to allow Ajax a proper funeral by pointing out that even one’s enemies deserve respect in death, if they were noble.

 

An Athenian vase depicting Odysseus and Ajax

 

 

An ancient depiction of the suicide of Ajax

DRAMATIS PERSONAE

ATHENA.

ODYSSEUS.

AIAS, the son of Telamon.

CHORUS of Salaminian Mariners.

TECMESSA.

A Messenger.

TEUCER, half brother of Aias.

MENELAUS.

AGAMEMNON.

EURYSAKÈS, the child of Aias and Tecmessa, appears, but does not speak.

SCENE. Before the encampment of Aias on the shore of the Troad. Afterwards a lonely place beyond Rhoeteum.

Time, towards the end of the Trojan War.

ARGUMENT

‘A wounded spirit who can bear?’

After the death of Achilles, the armour made for him by Hephaestus was to be given to the worthiest of the surviving Greeks. Although Aias was the most valiant, the judges made the award to Odysseus, because he was the wisest.

Aias in his rage attempts to kill the generals; but Athena sends madness upon him, and he makes a raid upon the flocks and herds of the army, imagining the bulls and rams to be the Argive chiefs. On awakening from his delusion, he finds that he has fallen irrecoverably from honour and from the favour of the Greeks. He also imagines that the anger of Athena is unappeasable. Under this impression he eludes the loving eyes of his captive-bride Tecmessa, and of his Salaminian comrades, and falls on his sword. (‘The soul and body rive not more in parting Than greatness going off.’)

But it is revealed through the prophet Calchas, that the wrath of Athena will last only for a day; and on the return of Teucer, Aias receives an honoured funeral, the tyrannical reclamations of the two sons of Atreus being overcome by the firm fidelity of Teucer and the magnanimity of Odysseus, who has been inspired for this purpose by Athena.

ATHENA (above). ODYSSEUS.

ATHENA.

Oft have I seen thee, Laërtiades,

Intent on some surprisal of thy foes;

As now I find thee by the seaward camp,

Where Aias holds the last place in your line,

Lingering in quest, and scanning the fresh print

Of his late footsteps, to be certified

If he keep house or no. Right well thy sense

Hath led thee forth, like some keen hound of Sparta!

The man is even but now come home, his head

And slaughterous hands reeking with ardent toil.

Thou, then, no longer strain thy gaze within

Yon gateway, but declare what eager chase

Thou followest, that a god may give thee light.

ODYSSEUS.

Athena, ’tis thy voice! Dearest in heaven,

How well discerned and welcome to my soul

From that dim distance doth thine utterance fly

In tones as of Tyrrhenian trumpet clang!

Rightly hast thou divined mine errand here,

Beating this ground for Aias of the shield,

The lion-quarry whom I track to day.

For he hath wrought on us to night a deed

Past thought — if he be doer of this thing;

We drift in ignorant doubt, unsatisfied —

And I unbidden have bound me to this toil.

Brief time hath flown since suddenly we knew

That all our gathered spoil was reaved and slaughtered,

Flocks, herds, and herdmen, by some human hand,

All tongues, then, lay this deed at Aias’ door.

And one, a scout who had marked him, all alone,

With new-fleshed weapon bounding o’er the plain,

Gave me to know it, when immediately

I darted on the trail, and here in part

I find some trace to guide me, but in part

I halt, amazed, and know not where to look.

Thou com’st full timely. For my venturous course,

Past or to come, is governed by thy will.

ATH.

I knew thy doubts, Odysseus, and came forth

Zealous to guard thy perilous hunting-path.

OD.

Dear Queen! and am I labouring to an end?

ATH.

Thou schem’st not idly. This is Aias’ deed.

OD.

What can have roused him to a work so wild?

ATH.

His grievous anger for Achilles’ arms.

OD.

But wherefore on the flock this violent raid?

ATH.

He thought to imbrue his hands with your heart’s blood.

OD.

What? Was this planned against the Argives, then?

ATH.

Planned, and performed, had I kept careless guard.

OD.

What daring spirit, what hardihood, was here!

ATH.

Alone by night in craft he sought your tents.

OD.

How? Came he near them? Won he to his goal?

ATH.

He stood in darkness at the generals’ gates.

OD.

What then restrained his eager hand from murder?

ATH.

I turned him backward from his baleful joy,

And overswayed him with blind phantasies,

To swerve against the flocks and well-watched herd

Not yet divided from the public booty.

There plunging in he hewed the horned throng,

And with him Havoc ranged: while now he thought

To kill the Atreidae with hot hand, now this

Now that commander, as the fancy grew.

I, joining with the...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.9.2021
• Übersetzer: Lewis Campbell, F. Storr, Arthur S Hunt, E. H Plumptre, T. W. Lumb
• Verlagsort: Mikhailovka village
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Literatur ► Lyrik / Dramatik ► Dramatik / Theater
• Schlagworte: ancient classical dramas • Ancient Greek Literature • ancient Greek texts • Biographies • English • PLAYS • Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing • tragedies • Translations
• ISBN-10: 0-88001-109-2 / 0880011092
• ISBN-13: 978-0-88001-109-9 / 9780880011099