In order to use rare earths successfully in various applications, a good understanding of the chemistry of these elements is of paramount importance. Nearly three to four decades have passed since titles such as The Rare Earths edited by F.H. Spedding and A.H. Daane, The chemistry of the Rare Earth Elements by N.E. Topp and Complexes of the Rare Earths by S.P. Sinha were published. There have been many international conferences and symposia on rare earths, as well as the series of volumes entitled Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths edited by K.A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring. Thus, there is a need for a new title covering modern aspects of rare earth complexes along with the applications.
The present title consists of twelve chapters. The first chapter is an introduction covering definition, classification, properties, world reserves, methods of processing from ores, methods of separation both classical and modern, and analytical chemistry of rare earths, including classical and modern methods.
The second chapter deals with quantum chemical considerations, s, p, d and f orbitals, electronic configurations, Pauli's principle, spin-orbit coupling and levels, energy level diagrams, Hund's rules, Racah parameters, oxidation states, HSAB principle, coordination number, lanthanide contraction, interconfiguration fluctuations. This is followed by a chapter dealing with methods of determination of stability constants, stability constants of complexes, thermodynamic consideration, double-double effect, inclined w plot, applications of stability constant data.
The fourth chapter deals with complexes of rare earth elements with a variety of complexing agents, such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids like citric, nitrilotriacetic, ethylenediamine tetraacetic, beta diketones, ligands with nitrogen donors, macrocyclic ligands, ligands with sulphur donors, phosphines, cyanate, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, perchlorate, decaborates, acyclic and macrocyclic Schiff's bases, carboranes, selenides and tellurides.
Structural chemistry of lanthanide complexes dealing with low coordination numbers, 6-, -7 and -8 coordination, dodecahedra, square antiprisms, hexagonal bipyramids, cubes and other structures, 9-coordination, high coordination numbers and organometallic structures is discussed in the fifth chapter.
Organometallic complexes such as tris, bis and monocylopentadienyl complexes, cyclooctatetraenyl complexes, cyclopentadienyl-cyclooctatetraenyl complexes, indenyl complexes, fluorenyl complexes, complexes with other aromatic _ ligands, callixerene complexes, NMR spectroscopy of organometallic complexes, vibrational spectra, and catalytic applications form the theme of the sixth chapter.
Kinetics and mechanisms complex formation involving rate expressions, rate laws, dissociative and associative pathways, techniques used in probing reaction mechanisms, crystal field effects are discussed in the following chapter.
Crystal field theory, intensities of 4f-4f transitions, Judd-Ofelt theory of electric-dipole transitions, covalency model of hypersensitivity, dynamic coupling mechanism, solution spectra, spectral data for complexes, solvent effects, fluorescence and photochemistry of lanthanide complexes are dealt with in spectroscopy of lanthanide complexes.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare earths involving typical spectra, core levels, splitting due to exchange, spin-orbit coupling, binding energies, states arising due to ionization of fn configuration, interconfiguration fluctuation and surface oxidation phenomena are discussed in the next chapter. The following chapter deals with the important topic of lanthanide NMR shift reagents and their applications in elucidating structures. The penultimate topic deals with ecological, physiological and environmental aspects along with some interesting biological applications.
In the final chapter, applications such as in metallurgy of steels, corrosion inhibition, catalysis, paints, cinema arc carbon and search light electrodes, polishing powders in optics, permanent magnets, ceramic superconductors, lasers, garnet films for magnetic bubble memory applications, nuclear applications, x-ray phosphors for medical radiology, fiber optics, photonics, electronics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) high-tech applications and fuel cells are elucidated.
The authors studied in schools headed by pioneers in rare earth chemistry, have a combined experience of one hundred and fifty years in inorganic chemistry, rare earth complex chemistry, nuclear and radiochemistry of rare earths and supramolecular chemistry. The present monograph is a product of this rich experience.
In order to use rare earths successfully in various applications, a good understanding of the chemistry of these elements is of paramount importance. Nearly three to four decades have passed since titles such as The Rare Earths edited by F.H. Spedding and A.H. Daane, The chemistry of the Rare Earth Elements by N.E. Topp and Complexes of the Rare Earths by S.P. Sinha were published. There have been many international conferences and symposia on rare earths, as well as the series of volumes entitled Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths edited by K.A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring. Thus, there is a need for a new title covering modern aspects of rare earth complexes along with the applications. The present title consists of twelve chapters. 1. Introduction2. General aspects3. Stability of complexes4. Lanthanide complexes5. Structural chemistry of lanthanide compounds6. Organometallic complexes7. Kinetics and mechanisms of rare earths complexation8. Spectroscopy of lanthanide complexes9. Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare earths10. Lanthanide NMR shift reagents11. Environmental ecological biological aspects12. Applications The authors studied in schools headed by pioneers in rare earth chemistry, have a combined experience of one hundred and fifty years in inorganic chemistry, rare earth complex chemistry, nuclear and radiochemistry of rare earths and supramolecular chemistry. The present monograph is a product of this rich experience.
Front Cover 1
Modern Aspects of Rare Earths and Their Complexes 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 6
Dedication 9
Chapter 1. Introduction 10
Chapter 2. General Aspects 82
Chapter 3. Stability of Complexes 136
Chapter 4 268
Part A: Lanthanide Complexes 271
Part B: Macrocyclic Complexes 312
Chapter 5. Structural Chemistry of Lanthanide Complexes 384
Chapter 6. Organometallic Complexes 432
Chapter 7. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Rare Earth Complexation 490
Chapter 8. Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Complexes 578
Chapter 9. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Rare Earths 742
Chapter 10. Lanthanide NMR Shift Reagents 788
Chapter 11. Environmental, Ecological, Biological Aspects 854
Chapter 12. Applications 902
Subject Index 992
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 9.12.2003 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Kinder- / Jugendbuch ► Spielen / Lernen ► Lernen / Lernspiele |
Schulbuch / Wörterbuch | |
Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Thermodynamik | |
Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
ISBN-10 | 0-08-053668-9 / 0080536689 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-053668-2 / 9780080536682 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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