Psychosocial Theories of Human Behavior and Development
Rowman & Littlefield (Verlag)
978-1-5381-9435-5 (ISBN)
This is a book about the major psychosocial theories of human development that were created in the 20th century, drawing from the diverse disciplines of developmental psychology, psychiatry, cognitive science, social psychology, sociology, ethology, and neuroscience. A central focus concerns the components of psychological and social development that motivate and influence human behavior over the lifespan. The evolution of the major ideas over time, their integration, and the ways in which their emergence was shaped by their mutual influences is emphasized throughout. Several integrative themes are used to provide linkages and contexts for the emergence of the theories, particularly the social influences on scientific discoveries, the integrative theoretical framework from the National Research Council, referred to as the transactional-ecological model, and an emphasis on the historical evolution of the sources of knowledge on which the theories were based. A major goal of the book, therefore, is to teach, in addition to the major concepts of growth and development, the historical scientific and social processes by which these organizations of concepts came into being. Without an integrative discussion such as this, students can miss out on important opportunities for more critical analysis and synthesis of the ideas.
Timothy Page, M.S.W., Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus at Louisiana State University School of Social Work, where he taught for 17 years and served 14 years as Ph.D. program director. Prior to his academic career, he practiced clinical social work with children, adolescents, and families, with particular interest in children’s play therapy. The courses he taught, in the M.S.W. program, were primarily in the areas of human behavior and development and social work direct practice, and, in the Ph.D. Program, research methods. He has also mentored numerous student masters theses and doctoral dissertations. His research interests concern children’s mental health and development, with a focus on attachment experience. Much of his research, in collaboration with numerous colleagues and former students, has involved the use of narrative story stem methods to assess children’s emotional wellbeing and relational perceptions in the context of attachment security. He has published his work in 3 dozen journal articles and book chapters and presented in numerous national and international conference venues.
Chapter 1: Social Science in Social Contexts
The Systematic Measurement of Social Reality
A Typology of Sources of Knowledge
Thomas Kuhn’s Theory of Paradigm Change
Social Constructions of Reality
Contemporary Efforts Toward Theory Integration: The Transactional-Ecological Model
Chapter 2: Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory
Consciousness, The Unconscious, and Defense
Insights from Freud’s Treatment of Hysteria
The Topographical Model
The Structural Model of Personality
A Hierarchy of Defenses
Internalized Identifications: The Superego
The Theory of Libidinous Drive Energy and Its Internal Regulation
Theory of Psychosexual Development
The Normalcy of Control and Cruelty
Fixation and Ego Development
The Phallic Phase
Applications to a Theory of Psychopathology
Symptoms, Defenses, and Cure
The Question of the Death Instinct
Later Modifications of Theories of Anxiety and Trauma
Discussion
Changing Historical Perspectives and the Sources of Knowledge
Contemporary Influences in Research and Practice
Represented Reality and Its Link to Adjustment and Treatment
Linkages with Contemporary Neuroscience
The Question of Sexuality in Development
Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic Revisionists
The Will Psychology of Otto Rank
Rank’s Model of Development of True Will
Will and Personality over the Lifespan
Influence on Social Work
The Individual Psychology of Alfred Alder
A Dichotomy of Power and Weakness
Gendered Valences in Developmental Adaptations
Influences by Larger Social Systems
Goals as Personality Organization
The Emergence of a More Explicit Ego Psychology: Heinz Hartmann
Object Relations Theories
The Revisionist Vision of Ronald Fairbairn
Theory of Psychopathology
General Model of Personality Development
Theory of Ego Development
The Contributions of Donald Winnicott
Theory of Normative Development
Innovations in Treatment and Research Methods
The Significance of Separation and Safety
Relation to Freudian Theory
Karen Horney’s Self-Realization Theory
A Typology of Normative and Maladaptive Relational Styles
Neurotic Solutions
Horney’s Boundary-Spanning Perspective
The Interpersonal Theories of Harry Stack Sullivan
Normative Development
The Emergence of the Self-System Out of the Experience of Anxiety
Representational Models of the Self
Chronology of Development
Contributions to Clinical Practice
Discussion
Chapter 4: Eriksonian Theory
The Epigenetic Stage Model of Psychosocial Development
Stage 1: Trust vs. Basic Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The Unique Developmental Importance of Play
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
A Pursuit of Knowledge and a Flight of Imagination
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion
The Mutuality of Ego Organization
Identity Fragmentation, Group, and Ideology
Stage 6: Intimacy vs Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Discussion
Empirical Investigations
Challenges to Stage Uniformity
Relevant Insights from the Field of Affective Neuroscience
Other Critiques and Historical Context
Chapter 5: Behaviorism: A Physiology of Learning
Foundation and Early Years: Watson’s Behavioral Manifesto
A Physiological Psychology
Little Albert and the Danger of Affection
The Purposive Behaviorism of Edward Tolman
The Radical Behaviorism of B.F. Skinner
A New Typology of Conditioning
The Central Concept of the Operant
Model of Behavioral Control and Change
Theory of Developmental Progression
The Problem of Emotion
The Problem of Pleasure
The Questions of Will and Freedom
Social Group Behavior from the Behaviorist Perspective
Discussion
The Neuroscience of Reinforcement
The Neuroscience of the Cognitive Map
Cultural Contexts and Conditioning
Reckoning with a Legacy
Chapter 6: Piagetian Theory
Early Years and Influences
Sensorimotor Challenges and Achievements
Assimilative and Accommodative Information Processing Capacities
The Advent of Object Permanence and Conservation
Object Permanence, Person Permanence, and Affective Ties
The Transition from the Sensorimotor Toward the Representational
The Significance of Symbolism and Play
Preoperatory Period
Concrete Operations, a Transition in Logico-Mathematical Capacities
Concrete Operations and New Forms of Social Play
Concrete Operations and Moral Behavior
Formal Thought
Discussion
The Question of Stage-Related Development
Chapter 7: Social Psychological Theories
The Socio-Physiological Theories of George H. Mead
The Central Reality of Social Group Memberships in Human Development
Developmental Maturation
The Instinctive Motives Toward Cohesion, Domination, and Self-Preservation
Discussion
The Field Theory of Kurt Lewin
A Typology of Social Forces
Motivation, Social Field, and the Life Space
The Early Influence of Social Facts and Social Forces on Development
The System Characteristics of Development
The Particular Relevance of Tension in Field Theory
Von Bertalanffy’s General System Theory
Pioneering Research in Small Group Behavior
From Small Group to Action Research
Discussion
Field Theory and Neuroscience
Other Significant Influences
The Structural-Functional Theory of Social Organization of Talcott Parsons
The Structure of Behavioral Action
Role Assignment and Actualization
The Symbolic Communication of Role-Based Attributes
The Processes of Role Negotiation and Adoption
The System Characteristics of Social Structures
Discussion
The Dramaturgical Theory of Social Behavior of Erving Goffman
Group Performances as Teams
The Interaction of Social Systems in Support of the Performance
The Systemic Need for Losers
The Basic Needs Behind the Need to Perform
Discussion
Linkages with Neurobiological Research
Linkages with Other Psychosocial Theories
Chapter Discussion
Chapter 8: Humanistic Psychology
The Original Insights of Kurt Goldstein
Self-Actualization and Society
Normal and Pathological Developmental Trajectories
The Emergence of the 3rd Force
Gordon Allport and the Significance of Propriate Striving
The Core Motivation of Propriate Striving
The Emergence of Self in Development
Becoming in Philosophical Context
Prejudice and “The Roots of Hostility”
The Self-Actualizing Theory of Abraham Maslow
A Hierarchy of Needs
The Physiological Needs
The Safety Needs
Belonginess and Love Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
Maslow’s Gratification Theory and Parenting
The Humanistic Psychotherapy of Carl Rogers
Empirical Studies
Empirical Critique of the Developmental Significance of Self-Actualization
Neurobiology
Discussion
Healthy and Unhealthy Striving
Chapter 9: Social Cognition
Perceptions of Others, Stereotypes, and Prejudices
Moving from Perception to Stereotyped and Prejudicial Behavior
Theory of Mind and Reflective Function
Reflective Function, Schemas, and Attributions
The Cognition of Emotion
Mood and Cognition
Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Memory and Social Cognitive Functions
Narrative Organization of Memory
The Impact of Trauma on Memory Organization
Self-Schemas
The Functional Significance of Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Self-Enhancing Appraisals, and Self-Abasement
Conceptual Models of Cognition and Personality
The Big-5 Model of Personality
The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders
Early Maladaptive Schemas
The Nature of Motivations, Beginning with the Motive to Belong
Self-Enhancement
Understanding
Trust
Control and Controlling Behavior
Mastery Motivation
Values
The Theory of Human Values of Schwartz and Colleagues
Values and Emotions
Moral Development
Reasoning and Feeling
Moral Foundations
A Brief Sampling of the Neurobiology of Various Cognitive Processes
Discussion
Chapter 10: Social Ecological Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s Early Life and Foundations of the Theory
Biological Systems Level
The Nature of Temperament
Microsystems
The Family
Parenting in the Social Context
Belsky’s Determinants of Parenting
Systems Characteristics of Families
The Impact of Exposure to Maltreatment and Emotional Trauma
The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Coping and Adaptation to Stress
Peer Relationships
Peer Groups
Peer Social Status
Play, Social Influence, and Identity
The School Microsystem
The Community Microsystem
Mesosystems
Parent-Peer Linkages
Parent-School Linkages
Community Contexts
Mesosystems and Social Capital
Exosystems
Exosystem Influences on the Family
Parental Early Developmental History
Parental Social Networks
Parents’ Workplaces
School Exosystem Effects
The Life-Long Impact of Social Class
Exosystems and Critical Theory
Community Exosystem Effects
The Example of Public Housing in the U.S.
An Example of an Equalizing Exosystem Influence
Macrosystems
A Cultural Typology
The Institutional Transmission of Culture and Beliefs
Ideology and Economic Institutions
Culture and the Transmission of Gender Roles
Chronosystem Influences
Elder’s Life Course Theory
Discussion
Chapter 11: Ethological Theories
The Pioneering Research of Konrad Lorenz
The Integration of Instinct and Learning
Appetitive and Consummatory Phases
Instinct, Learning, and Dependence
Attachment Affiliation
The Problem of Intraspecies Aggression
Attachment Theory
Attachment and Other Behavioral Systems
An Integration of Cybernetics
Internal Working Models
Phases of Attachment and Coordination of Behavioral Systems
Theory of Psychological Defenses
Theory of Grief and Mourning
The First Public Presentations and Reception
Mary Ainsworth’s Contributions to Attachment Theory
Studies in the U.S. and the Development of the Strange Situation Procedure
Secure and Insecure Patterns of Attachment
Other Innovations in Attachment Research
Discussion
Affective Neuroscience
A Hierarchical Organization of the Brain/Mind
The 7 Basic Emotional Systems
SEEKING
RAGE/ANGER
FEAR/ANXIETY
LUST
CARE
PANIC/GRIEF
PLAY
Higher Order Emotional Organization
Basic Emotions and the Construction of Self
Discussion
Affective Neuroscience and the Science of Personality
Social Dominance
Social Dominance and Social Structures
Dominance, Territorial Control, and Power
Systemic Emotional Instability and Dominance
The Social Dominance Theory of Sidanius and Pratto
A Case of Individual and Institutional Interaction Effects
Empirical Findings
Discussion
Chapter Discussion
Chapter 12: Review and Reflections
The Question of Motivation
Negotiation and Balance of Personal and Social Motivations
The Unique Significance of Original Vulnerability
Belonging and Tension
The Representational Realm of Experience and the Significance of Field Theory
The Question of the Progression of Competencies
Emotion as Basic Motivation and Driver of Maturation
The Primal Influence of Emotion
The Integration of Field Theory and Affective Neuroscience
Systemic Regulation of Motives and Emotions: Benevolence and Competition
The Complementarity of Personal and Social Identities
The Liabilities of Intelligence and the Assertion of Social Power
Self-Representations and the Control of Space and Power
The Question of Will Revisited
References
Index
About the Author
| Erscheinungsdatum | 16.08.2024 |
|---|---|
| Verlagsort | Lanham, MD |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 177 x 255 mm |
| Gewicht | 771 g |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Entwicklungspsychologie |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Sozialpsychologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 1-5381-9435-X / 153819435X |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-5381-9435-5 / 9781538194355 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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