Addressing the Climate in Modern Age's Construction History (eBook)

Between Architecture and Building Services Engineering

Carlo Manfredi (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2019 | 1st ed. 2019
VII, 207 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-04465-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This book sheds light on environmental control in buildings from the 17th century onwards. Even before building services became a hallmark of buildings, in order to address increasing sanitary and comfort needs, pioneering experiences had contributed to improve design skills of professionals. After long being determined by passive features, indoor climate became influenced by installations and plants, representing the most significant shift of paradigm in the modern age's construction history. This change was not without consequences, and the book presents contributions showing the deep connection between architectural design, comfort requirements and environmental awareness throughout the 19th century. Taking into account the differences between different European countries, the book is a valuable resource for architects, designers and heritage professionals who are interested in environmental design, enabling them to develop a deeper knowledge of heritage in order to address to climate demands, particularly going towards a future in which energy savings and fuel consumption reduction will dictate our behaviour.

It includes contributions by leading international experts: Melanie Bauernfeind, Marco Cofani, Lino Vittorio Bozzetto, Emmanuelle Gallo, Alberto Grimoldi, Dean Hawkes, Angelo Giuseppe Landi, Mattias Legnér, Oriel Prizeman, and Henrik Schoenefeldt.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
1 Indoor Climate, Technological Tools and Design Awareness: An Introduction 8
Abstract 8
References 30
2 Heating Verona in the Nineteenth Century. From the Fireplace to the Hot Water Systems 33
Abstract 33
1 Verona, 19th Century: Between Geopolitical and Military Centrality and Industrial Backwardness 34
2 The Problem of Energy Sources 35
3 The “Venetian” Heating Systems. The Tradition of the Fireplace Between Functionality and Representation 36
4 The “Hapsburg” Heating Systems. Innovative Use of Traditional Stoves in Veronese Military Buildings 40
5 The “Italian” Heating Systems. The Diffusion of Hot Air Heaters in the Post-unification Period 52
6 A “Noble” Warmth: The Spread of Calorifero System in Private Buildings 56
7 Epilogue. From Hot Air to Hot Water Heating Systems 58
References 66
3 The Alte Pinakothek 68
Abstract 68
1 Museum Climate and Technical Solutions 69
2 The Alte Pinakothek and Its Technical Building History 71
3 From 1836 to 1841: Phase 1 or the Question of Heating 71
3.1 Air-Heating as an Alternative to Fired Stove Heating 74
3.2 Disadvantages of the Air-Heating System 75
3.3 Indoor Climate Conditions and Air-Heating 75
4 From 1841 to 1891: Phase 2 Without Heating 76
4.1 No Heating as Alternative to Air-Heating 76
4.2 Passive Indoor Air Conditions: Influence of the Building Envelope 77
4.3 Development of Air Conditioning Technology in the 19th Century: Systems and Improvements for Museums 77
4.4 Old National Gallery in Berlin: Hot-Water Air-Heating 78
4.5 Royal Museum in Dresden: Low-Pressure Warm-Water Heating 79
4.6 Picture Gallery in Kassel: Conservation Compliant Heating 79
5 From 1891 to 1945: Phase 3 and the First Attempt to Control rH 79
5.1 Indoor Climate Conditions and Low-Pressure Steam-Heating 80
6 From World War II to the Late 1990s 81
7 Overall Renovation in the 1990s 82
8 Retrofitting and Energy Savings 82
9 The Energetic Price of Museum Climate 83
10 Past Knowledge for Future Perspectives 85
References 86
4 Two Early Examples of Central Heating Systems in France During the 19th Century 88
Abstract 88
1 The Steam Heating System of the Palais Brongniart 89
2 The Original Case of Lariboisière’s Hospital 95
3 Conclusion 105
References 106
5 Camillo Boito and the School Buildings Indoor Climate in the Unified Italy (1870–1890) 107
Abstract 107
1 Introduction. From Mandatory Schooling to School Buildings from the Age of Enlightenment to the Belle Époque
2 School Legislation in Italy After the Unification and the Birth of Regulations on School Buildings 109
3 The Museum of Teaching and Education 111
4 Francesco Bongioannini 112
5 A Model for Municipalities 114
6 Camillo Boito and the Schools of Padua at the Reggia Carrarese 116
7 The Schools of via Galvani, Milan 123
8 The Companies’ World? 125
9 Towards New Climate Control Systems in School Buildings 127
References 131
6 Tradition and Science: The Evolution of Environmental Architecture in Britain from 16th to 19th Century 134
Abstract 134
1 Introduction: Definitions and Background 134
2 Hypothesis 135
3 Six Buildings 136
3.1 Building One: Robert Smythson, Hardwick Hall (1590–1597) 136
3.2 Building Two: Christopher Wren, Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford (1663–1669) 136
3.3 Building Three: Lord Burlington, Chiswick House, 1725–1729 139
3.4 Science, Technology and Architecture in 19th Century Britain 141
3.5 Building Four: Sir John Soane, Dulwich Picture Gallery, 1811–1813 142
3.6 Building Five: Sir Charles Barry, the Reform Club, London, 1837–1840 143
3.7 Building Six: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Glasgow School of Art, 1897–1909 144
4 Conclusion 146
References 147
7 Not Just a Summer Temple: The Development of Conservation and Indoor Climate in Nationalmuseum, Sweden 149
Abstract 149
1 Introduction 149
2 The Decision to Build a Museum 151
3 Building the Museum 152
4 The Perkins System and Indoor Climate in Nationalmuseum in the Nineteenth Century 155
5 Demands for Electrification and a New Heating and Ventilation System 164
6 Forced Air Ventilation and Humidity Control 166
7 Humidity Challenging the Building and the Artworks 168
References 170
8 Asserting Adequacy: The Crescendo of Voices to Determine Daylight Provision for the Modern World 172
Abstract 172
1 Introduction 172
2 The Health Benefits of Daylight 174
3 The Precedent of the Right to Light 176
4 Asserting the Size of Openings 176
5 The Quest for a Standard 178
6 Measurement and the Translation of Other Languages 180
7 The Daylight Factor 182
8 Standards Applied to Tasks 183
9 Rights to Light Enforced at an Urban Scale: Low Density Planning 185
10 Conclusion 187
References 188
9 The Houses of Parliament and Reid’s Inquiries into User Perception 192
Abstract 192
1 Empirical Approaches 193
2 The Testing of a Model Debating Chamber 195
3 The Temporary Houses of Commons 196
4 Technical Refinement Based on User-Perception 199
5 The Temporary House of Lords as the Test-Bed for an Alternative Approach, 1838–47 201
6 Towards the Personalization of Environmental Control 204
7 An Unsuccessful Experiment 206
8 Conclusion 207
References 207

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.4.2019
• Zusatzinfo: VII, 207 p.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Schlagworte: Climatic refurbishment • Comfort control • environmental control in buildings • Environmental design of buildings • Heritage Buildings • Historic Buildings Preservation • Historic Indoor Climate • HVAC systems • Indoor Climate Restoration • Indoor Climate Risks • Indoor Thermal Comfort
• ISBN-10: 3-030-04465-3 / 3030044653
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-04465-7 / 9783030044657