Explorations in the History and Heritage of Machines and Mechanisms (eBook)

Proceedings of the 2018 HMM IFToMM Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms

Baichun ZHANG, Marco Ceccarelli (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1st ed. 2019
IX, 352 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-03538-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This is the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms that was held in Beijing, China, in September 2018.  The Symposium provided an international forum for presenting and discussing historical developments in the field of Machine and Mechanism Science (MMS). Special sections focused on the following topics:

 .       modern reviews of past works

 ·       engineers in history, and their works

 ·       direct memories of the recent past

 ·       the development of theories

 ·       the history of the design of machines and mechanisms

 ·       development of automation and robots

 ·       the development of teaching of MMS

 ·       the schools and institutes of mechanical engineering

 ·       the heritage of machines and mechanisms

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
Engineers and Their Stories 11
Mechanics (Machines) in Ishaq Efendi, the Chief Instructor of Military School in the Ottomans 12
Abstract 12
1 Introduction 12
2 Mechanics in Mecmua-i Ulûm-? Riyâziye 13
3 Conclusion 24
References 25
Giuseppe Ceredi. A Hydraulic Engineer in 16th-Century Italy 26
Abstract 26
1 Introduction 26
2 Ceredi, 16th-Century Mechanician, Philosopher and Historian 27
3 The Cochlea: Ceredi’s Patent? 29
4 Conclusions 35
References 35
The Innovation Process of the First Curved Mold Caster in China 37
Abstract 37
1 Introduction 37
2 Design and Test Process for Xu Baosheng’s Curved Mold Caster 38
2.1 Design Process of Curved Mold Caster 38
2.2 Pilot Test Process and Industrial Production 40
2.2.1 Pilot Test (1960) 40
2.2.2 Industrial Trial (1964–1967) 41
2.2.3 Industrial Production (After 1967) 42
3 From Comparison to Innovation: Design of the Mode Vibration Mechanism 43
3.1 Choice of Vibration Mode: Composite Vibration Mode 43
3.2 Design of the Vibration Mechanism: From Rocker Arm to Differential Gear Type 44
3.3 Characteristic of the Differential Gear Type Vibration Mechanism 46
4 Spread of Curved Mold Caster Technology in China 47
5 Conclusions 48
Acknowledgments 48
References 49
Shen Hong: A Legendary Engineer of China’s Modern Machinery Industry 50
Abstract 50
1 Introduction 50
2 From an Apprentice to the Chief Engineer 51
3 Chief Designer of the Shanghai 120 MN Hydraulic Press 52
4 Chief Designer of the NGI 55
5 From Vice Minister to Editor-in-Chief 58
6 Conclusion 59
Acknowledgments 59
References 60
Jan Oderfeld (1908–2010): Retrospective Memories of the Past 62
Abstract 62
1 The Beginning of My Adventure with TMM 62
2 My First Meeting 64
3 Almost 50 Years Have Passed 67
4 Difficult Years 68
5 Parting with TMM 71
References 72
An Overview on the Studies of the History of Machinery in China 73
Abstract 73
1 Initiation 73
2 Developments 76
3 Concluding Remarks 81
References 81
History of Machine Design 83
History of Human Powered Oil Expeller: A Literature Review 84
Abstract 84
1 Introduction 84
1.1 Materials and Methods 85
2 Results and Discussion 85
2.1 Indigenous Methods (Traditional Domestic Methods) 85
2.2 Ghanis 86
2.2.1 Comparative Performance of Ghanis Used for Expelling 87
2.3 Mechanical Presses 88
2.4 Powered Expellers 90
2.5 Solvent Extraction 91
3 Overview Oilseed Processing Technologies 92
4 Design of the Human Powered Oil Expeller 93
4.1 Description of the Human Powered Oil Expeller 93
4.2 Operation of the Human Powered Oil Expeller 93
5 Results and Discussion 94
6 Conclusions 94
Acknowledgments 95
References 95
Literature Review on the Developments of Rice Milling Machines 96
Abstract 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Methods of Rice Milling 97
3 Traditional Method 97
3.1 Mortar and Pestle 97
3.2 Vietnam Pestle 97
4 Mechanical Method 98
4.1 Huller & Sheller Mills
4.2 Sheller - Polishing Mills 101
5 Pedal Powered Rice Mill 105
6 Discussions 106
Acknowledgments 106
References 106
Modeling an Antique Grinding Mill of Guanajuato Silver Mines 108
Abstract 108
1 Introduction 108
2 Silver Extraction Process 110
2.1 Description of the Silver Process 112
3 Grinding Mill (“Tahona” or “Arrastre”) 112
3.1 Simulation of the Grinding Process 113
4 Dynamic Models 115
5 Results 117
6 Conclusions 118
References 119
The Hydraulic Tilt Hammer in Ancient China 120
Abstract 120
1 The Battery of Hydraulic Tilt Hammers ??? 120
2 The Spoon Tilt Hammer ?? 125
3 Ship Tilt Hammer ?? 126
4 Conclusion 128
References 128
Reconstruction and Analysis of Zhan’s Sand Clock in the 14th Century 130
Abstract 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Literature Survey 132
3 Mechanical Analysis 134
4 Reconstruction and Testing 136
4.1 Density and Granule Size of Sand 137
4.2 Area of the Outlet Hole 137
4.3 The Dimension of Sand Wheel 137
4.4 Lubricating 138
4.5 Load from Gear Train and Striking Puppets 138
5 Conclusions 140
Acknowledgements 140
References 140
Exploration of Ancient Machinery: From Reconstruction Research to Exhibition and Science Education 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 A Promotion Concept of Reconstruction Research of Ancient Machinery 142
3 Example 1: Traditional Chinese Locks 143
3.1 Structural Analyses 143
3.2 Exhibitions in the Museum 146
4 Example 2: Antikythera Astronomical Device 146
4.1 Reconstruction Research 148
4.2 Workshops in the Museum 148
5 Conclusions 149
Acknowledgments 150
References 150
Relationships Between Paper Mills and Technological Evolution of Paper Production 151
Abstract 151
1 Introduction 151
2 Papermaking Guidelines 152
3 Analysis of Development Factors in the Territory of South Lazio 154
4 An Example of Paper Mill Development: The Paper Mill of Atina 155
5 Conclusions 165
Acknowledgments 165
References 165
Light Drawings: Representation and Design 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 167
1.1 The Manuscript 168
2 Referencing 174
3 Conclusions 177
References 178
Ancient Mechanisms 179
Mechanisms in Heron’s Automata as Technological Transfer and Cultural Means 180
Abstract 180
1 Introduction 180
2 Biographical Notes and Works 181
3 Heron’s Designs as Technological Transfer 182
4 Heron’s Automaton Mechanisms as Cultural Means 184
5 Conclusions 190
References 190
Analysis and Reconstruction of a Platform with Ball Bearings in Roman Ships of Nemi Lake 192
Abstract 192
1 Introduction 192
2 The Archaeological Remains 193
3 Analysis of Ball Bearings 196
4 A Reconstruction of Ball Bearing Usage 200
5 Conclusions 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
Application and Influence of Flap Valve Mechanism on Ancient Bellows 204
Abstract 204
1 Introduction 204
2 Primitive Blowers 205
2.1 Blowpipe 205
2.2 The Original Skins Blowers 205
3 The Emergence and Application of Bellows Equipped with Flap Valves 207
3.1 The Manually-Operated Skins Blowers 207
3.2 The Skins Bellows Equipped with Flap Valve 208
3.3 Piston Bellows and Its Flap Valves 210
4 Double-Acting Piston Bellows 213
5 Conclusion 215
Acknowledgments 216
References 216
Historical and Technological Study of the 26 and 30 Mechanisms of “The Book of Secrets” by Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi 218
Abstract 218
1 Introduction 218
2 The Book of Secrets 219
3 Figure 26. Mechanical Well 220
4 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones 222
5 Geometric Modeling 224
5.1 Figure 26. Mechanical Well 224
5.2 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones 225
6 Assembly 227
7 Analysis 227
7.1 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones 228
7.2 Figure 26. Mechanical Well 228
8 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction 229
9 Conclusions 230
References 231
The Astrolabe: A Mechanism for Reading the Stars 232
Abstract 232
1 Introduction 232
2 Brief History of the Astrolabe 234
3 How It Is Made 236
4 The Fundamental Projective Principles of the Astrolabe 240
5 Conclusions 246
References 247
Mathematical Instruments Used in the Military Engineering Academies of the Ottomans 248
Abstract 248
1 Introduction 248
2 Instruments Used in the Military Engineering Academies 251
3 Conclusion 262
References 263
History of Modern Technology 264
Transfer of Modern High Draft Technology to China 265
Abstract 265
1 Introduction 265
2 Transfer of Modern High Draft Technology to China 266
2.1 High Draft System Designed and Innovated by Chinese People Before the Anti-Japanese War 266
2.2 The Research and Application of High Draft by Chinese People During the Anti-Japanese War 268
2.3 Development of High Draft System in China After the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War 271
3 Reasons for Sound Development of High Draft Technology in China 273
4 Conclusions 274
References 274
A Brief Introduction to the Steam Locomotives Made in China 276
Abstract 276
1 Introduction 276
2 From Repair and Assembly to Imitation 276
2.1 The General Situation of Railway Construction Before the 1950s in China 276
2.2 The Steam Locomotive Designed and Manufactured by C. W. Kinder 277
2.3 The Steam Locomotive Patterned in the Dalian Plant 278
3 The Manufacture of Locomotive 279
3.1 The Mikado1 Freight Steam Locomotive 279
3.2 The “Jiefang” Freight Steam Locomotive 279
3.3 The “Jianshe” Freight Steam Locomotive 279
3.4 The Manufacture of Steam Locomotive in the Northeast China During the Period of Manchurian Regime 280
3.5 The Pacific7 Passenger Steam Locomotive 280
3.6 The Pacific6 Passenger Steam Locomotive 281
3.7 The “Shengli” Passenger Steam Locomotive 281
3.8 The “Renmin” Passenger Steam Locomotive 282
4 The Development of Manufacturing Technology 283
4.1 The “Heping” Freight Steam Locomotive 283
4.2 The “Qianjin” Freight Steam Locomotive 284
5 Conclusions 285
References 286
From the Unimate to the Delta Robot: The Early Decades of Industrial Robotics 288
Abstract 288
1 Introduction 288
2 The Dawn of Industrial Robotics: Devon, Engelberger and the Unimate Robot 290
3 From Hydraulic to Electric Robots: Scheinman, the Stanford Arm and the PUMA Robot 292
4 The Robotic Boom of the 1980’s 295
5 From Serial to Parallel Kinematics: The Delta Robot 297
6 Conclusions 298
References 298
Towards GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine 300
Abstract 300
1 Introduction 300
2 Waves of Industrial Revolution 301
3 Hybrid Machines 302
4 The Internet 305
5 Artificial Intelligence 305
6 The Internet of Things 306
7 The Rise of GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine 307
8 Industry 4.0 307
9 Examples 308
10 GIM Is Growing Fast 309
11 GIM as an Object of Investigation 310
12 Cybercrime 311
13 Concluding Remarks 312
References 313
Historical Development of BHR Humanoid Robots 314
Abstract 314
1 Introduction 314
2 Preliminary Work 315
3 The BHR-1 Design 316
4 The BHR Series 318
5 Achievements and Open Issues 322
6 Conclusions 326
References 327
Teaching Wonder (From 3rd Century BCE to 21st Century CE) 328
Abstract 328
1 Introduction 328
2 Training in Alexandria 329
2.1 Philon 329
2.2 Heron 333
3 Teaching Style in Alexandria 336
4 Learning Robotics in the 21st Century 338
4.1 Improving STEM Skills with Robotics in the 21st Century 338
4.2 Improving ProtoSTEM Skills in the 1st Century 339
5 Conclusions 339
References 340
The Scientific Background of the Russian Revolution and Some Origins of TMM 342
Abstract 342
1 Introduction 342
2 Russian Science in the Eighteenth Century 343
2.1 Science in the Peter the Great Period 343
2.2 The Foundation of the Academy of Science 344
2.3 Great Scientists in the Eighteenth Century 346
3 Russian Science in the Nineteenth Century 348
3.1 Great Scientists in Nineteenth Century 349
4 Final Remarks and Conclusion 352
References 352
Author Index 354

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.12.2018
• Reihe/Serie: History of Mechanism and Machine Science
• Reihe/Serie: History of Mechanism and Machine Science
• Zusatzinfo: IX, 352 p. 412 illus., 194 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: automation and robots • History and Heritage • History of Mechanism and Machine Science • IFToMM • Mechanism and Machine Science
• ISBN-10: 3-030-03538-7 / 3030035387
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-03538-9 / 9783030035389