Underground to Everywhere (eBook)

London's Underground Railway in the Life of the Capital

Stephen Halliday (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2013 | 1. Auflage
288 Seiten
The History Press (Verlag)
978-0-7524-9551-4 (ISBN)

Infos

London's Underground is one of the best-known and most distinctive aspects of the city. Since Victorian times, this remarkable feat of engineering has made an extraordinary contribution to the economy of the capital and played a vital role in the daily life of generations of Londoners. Stephen Halliday's informative, entertaining, wide-ranging history of the Underground celebrates the vision and determination of the Victorian Pioneers who conceived this revolutionary transport system. His book records the scandal, disappointments, and disasters that have punctuated the story and the careers of the gifted, dedicated, sometimes corrupt individuals that have shaped its history. It also gives a fascinating insight into the neglected, often unseen aspects of this subterranean system - the dense network of tunnels, shafts and chambers that have been created beneath the city streets.

STEPHEN HALLIDAY is a lecturer, broadcaster and writer with a particular interest in the history of London from Roman times to the present day. His books include The Great Stink of London, The Great Filth, From Underground to Everywhere, Crossrail, and Fictional London. He has made many radio and television programmes and has contributed articles and reviews to a wide variety of publications

Textauszug

CHRONOLOGY

1829	George Shillibeer’s Omnibus enters service from Paddington to Bank

1836	London Bridge station opens, London’s first terminus

1843	Marc Brunel’s Thames Tunnel opens

1852	Charles Pearson proposes an Arcade Railway from King’s Cross to Farringdon

1855	Sir Joseph Paxton tells MPs that it takes longer to travel from London Bridge to Paddington than from London Bridge to Brighton

1863	9 January: Metropolitan Railway opens, Paddington to Farringdon; world’s first underground railway

1866	Metropolitan connection to Ludgate Hill permits trains to run south of the Thames

1868	24 December: Metropolitan District Railway opens, South Kensington to Westminster

1870	Tower Subway opens; James Staats Forbes becomes chairman of Metropolitan District Railway

1871	Metropolitan District Railway reaches Mansion House

1872	Sir Edward Watkin becomes chairman of Metropolitan; feud with District Railway begins

1876	East London Railway opens, using Marc Brunel’s Thames Tunnel

1881	Edward Watkin’s Submarine Continental Railway Co. starts digging Channel Tunnel

1884	17 September: Circle Line completed, run jointly by Metropolitan and District

1887	R.D. Blumenfeld predicts underground railways won’t last because of the choking atmosphere in the steaming, smoke-filled tunnels

1890	4 November: City and South London Railway opens, City to Stockwell; world’s first electric underground railway; first component of the Northern Line

1891	Metropolitan Railway reaches Quainton, near Aylesbury, as part of Watkin’s dream of a Manchester to Paris link

1896	Watkin Tower opens on the future site of Wembley stadium

1898	11 July: Waterloo and City Line opens; August: construction of the Bakerloo Line begins

1900	27 June: Central Line opens the ‘Twopenny Tube’; 28 December: Whitaker Wright, instigator of the Bakerloo Line, flees from his creditors

1901	Charles Tyson Yerkes buys shares in the District Railway; buys the planned Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (second component of the Northern Line); buys the Piccadilly Railway

1902	Yerkes buys the Bakerloo Railway; electrification of Inner Circle begins

1904	January: Whitaker Wright commits suicide in the Law Courts; 14 February: Great Northern and City Tube opens

1905	December: Yerkes dies, leaving a chaotic legacy of debt

1906	10 March: Bakerloo Line opens; 15 December: Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (Piccadilly Line) opens

1907	Albert Stanley becomes general manager of the Underground Group; Watkin Tower blown up by its disappointed owners; 22 June: Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway opens, second component of the Northern Line

1908	30 June: Sir Edgar Speyer rescues Yerkes’ railways from bankruptcy at the eleventh hour; the name ‘The Underground’ is adopted by all the underground railways

1909	Frank Pick appointed traffic development officer for the Underground Group

1911	First escalator installed, at Earl’s Court

1913	The Underground Group, ‘The Combine’, owns all Underground railways except the Metropolitan and the Waterloo and City Line

1914	Edward McKnight Kauffer meets Frank Pick and starts to produce posters for the Underground Group

1915	The name Metro-land coined by the Metropolitan Railway; Frank Pick founder member of the Design and Industries Association; women enter Underground service as men join the military

1916	Albert Stanley enters Parliament and becomes president of the Board of Trade in Lloyd George’s wartime coalition

1917	Londoners seek shelter from Zeppelin raids in Underground stations

1920	Albert Stanley becomes Lord Ashfield and leaves government to head the Underground Group

1921	Trade Facilities Act; first case of government support for Underground railways

1924	Euston–Camden link creates the Northern Line

1926	Golders Green Gazette describes Edgware as a beautiful garden suburb

1927	Post Office Railway opens, Paddington to Whitechapel

1929	Development (Loan Guarantees and Grants) Act; second case of government support for Underground railways; Chiltern Court opened; Piccadilly Circus station rebuilt beneath Eros, and later becomes a listed structure; 55 Broadway opens, with furore over Epstein sculptures

1930	Pick spends seventeen days visiting European countries seeking architectural models

1932	Piccadilly Line extended to Arnos Grove with some notable station architecture; Harry Beck’s schematic map of the Underground adopted; Beck paid 5 guineas

1933	London Passenger Transport Board established, with Ashfield chairman, Pick vice-chairman

1935	£40 million plan to extend Central, Bakerloo and Northern Lines; third case of government support for Underground railways

1938	Green Belt (London and Home Counties) Act sets limits to Metroland

1939	Pick’s evacuation plan implemented; Pick enters government service; public forbidden to use Underground stations as shelters

1940	Pick rows with Winston Churchill at meeting of Political Warfare Executive; the Blitz; extensive use of Underground stations as air-raid shelters; Down Street, North End and Brompton Road stations used for government and military purposes; deep shelters constructed

1941

Death of Frank Pick; military production commences at Aldenham depot and in tunnels of uncompleted Central Line; 11 January: serious bomb damage as eleven stations struck by bombs; London Aircraft Production Group set up under LT management, making military equipment in London Underground depots and tunnels

1942	London Transport Spitfire enters RAF service

1943	March: 173 people killed as they try to enter Bethnal Green station during an air raid; worst such incident of the war

1947	Central Line to Leytonstone opened

1948	British Transport Commission established, with London Transport as a subordinate executive; SS Empire Windrush brings first wave of Commonwealth immigrants; accommodated in Clapham Common deep shelter

1952	Route C proposed, later to become the Victoria Line; a long wait begins for authority to make the required investment

1955	Chambers Committee praises London Transport management but can do nothing to help overcome problems of under-investment; growth of car and television ownership leads to decline in off-peak travel on the Underground

1956	London Transport begins to recruit staff in Barbados

1962	Victoria Line investment authorised by HM Treasury, ten years after line first proposed; London Transport Board established, reporting to Minister of Transport

1967	Barbara Castle and Desmond Plummer agree transfer of London Transport to the Greater London Council (GLC)

1969	March: Victoria Line officially opened; Automatic Train Operation

1971	Fleet Line (later renamed Jubilee Line) authorised

1975	Moorgate disaster

1977	December: Piccadilly Line extension to Heathrow opens; Horace Cutler leader of GLC

1979	Jubilee Line opens, Charing Cross to Baker Street, taking over Stanmore branch from Bakerloo Line

1981	Labour gains control of GLC; Ken Livingstone leader; Fares Fair policy begins and leads to litigation; zonal fares introduced; passenger numbers begin to increase

1983	Margaret Thatcher wins general election, promising to...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.7.2013
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Natur / Technik ► Fahrzeuge / Flugzeuge / Schiffe ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Natur / Technik ► Fahrzeuge / Flugzeuge / Schiffe ► Schienenfahrzeuge
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte ► Regional- / Ländergeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Kulturgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Chambers • Engineering • engineers • history of the london underground • London • london, london underground, the tube, tube, underground railway, victorian, victorians, victorian era, transport, transport system, history of the london underground, engineers, engineering, pioneers, victorian pioneers, subterranean, tunnels, shafts, chambers • london, london underground, the tube, tube, underground railway, victorian, victorians, victorian era, transport, transport system, history of the london underground, engineers, engineering, pioneers, victorian pioneers, subterranean, tunnels, shafts, chambers, london's underground railway in the life of the capital • london's underground railway in the life of the capital • London Underground • Pioneers • Shafts • subterranean • The Tube • Transport • Transport system • Tube • Tunnels • underground railway • Victorian • Victorian Era • victorian pioneers • victorians
• ISBN-10: 0-7524-9551-8 / 0752495518
• ISBN-13: 978-0-7524-9551-4 / 9780752495514