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Handbook of Psychopharmacology

Neuropeptides

Leslie L. Iversen, Susan D. Iversen, Solomon H. Snyder (Herausgeber)

Buch | Hardcover

592 Seiten

1983
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (Verlag)
978-0-306-41048-2 (ISBN)

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It is now eight years since the first Handbook volumes on Basic Neuro- pharmacology were published, and there have been many important advances. As in many other areas in science, progress in this field has depended to a considerable extent on the availability of new experimental methods, and Volume 15 reviews some major recent developments, including new autoradiographic techniques that allow direct visualization of drug and transmitter receptors in the nervous system, and the pin- pointing of the precise locations of the changes in brain metabolism elicited by various drug treatments. Volumes 16 and 17 cover two of the most active areas for basic research in psychopharmacology at the moment: the characterization of drug and transmitter receptors in brain by radioligand binding techniques, and studies of the role of small peptides in brain function. The latter area, in particular, illustrates how rapidly progress continues to be made in basic research on the mechanisms of chemical communication within the nervous system. Eight years ago when the Handbook first appeared none of the opioid peptides (enkephalins and endorphins) had yet been identified.
Since then a whole new area of basic biological research has focused on these substances, and in addition we know of more than thirty other neuropeptides with putative eNS trans- mitter functions.

1 Substance P in the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods for Detection and Assay of Substance P.- 2.1. Bioassay.- 2.2. Radioimmunoassay.- 2.3. Immunocytochemistry.- 3. Neurochemistry of Substance P Neurons.- 3.1. Biosynthesis of Substance P.- 3.2. Transport of Substance P in Neurons.- 3.3. Neuronal Storage of Substance P.- 3.4. Release of Substance P from Neurons.- 3.5. Inactivation of Neuronally Released Substance P.- 3.6. Substance P Receptors.- 3.7. Substance P Antagonists.- 4. Substance P in the Peripheral Nervous System.- 4.1. Neuromuscular Junction.- 4.2. Sympathetic Ganglia.- 4.3. Adrenal Medulla.- 4.4. Parasympathetic Ganglia.- 4.5. Carotid Body.- 4.6. Enteric Neurons.- 5. Substance P in Primary Sensory Neurons.- 5.1. Visceral Sensory Neurons.- 5.2. Spinal and Trigeminal Sensory Neurons.- 5.3. Interaction of Opiates with Substance P-Containing Sensory Neurons.- 5.4. Interaction of Capsaicin with Substance P-Containing Sensory Neurons.- 5.5. Substance P in the Peripheral Processes of Sensory Neurons.- 6. Substance P in the Central Nervous System.- 6.1. Spinal Cord.- 6.2. Basal Ganglia.- 6.3. Habenular-Interpenduncular Projection.- 6.4. Other Central Substance P Systems.- 7. Coexistence of Substance P with Other Neurotransmitters.- 8. Interaction of Substance P with Other Transmitter Receptors.- 8.1. Nicotinic Receptors.- 8.2. Other Receptors.- 9. Neurological Disorders Affecting Substance P Neurons.- 10. Conclusions.- 11. References.- 2 The Enkephalins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Enkephalin Biosynthesis.- 3. Regulation of Enkephalin Concentration in the Adrenal Medulla.- 4. Enkephalin Metabolism.- 5. Enkephalin Regulation in Neurons.- 6. Enkephalin Distribution.- 6.1. Enkephalin in the Pituitary.- 6.2. Enkephalin in the Gastrointestinal System.- 6.3. Enkephalin in the Autonomic Nervous System.- 6.4. Enkephalin in the Central Nervous System.- 6.5. The Spinal Cord: Enkephalin and Substance P.- 6.6. Enkephalins and Catecholamines.- 6.7. Enkephalin Co-localization with Other Neurotransmitters.- 6.8. Enkephalins in Neuronal Pathways.- 6.9. Enkephalins in Cultured Neurons.- 6.10. Enkephalins in Invertebrates.- 7. Electrophysiology of Enkephalin.- 7.1. Myenteric Plexus.- 7.2. Locus Coeruleus.- 7.3. Hippocampus.- 7.4. Spinal Cord.- 7.5. Other Enkephalin Effects in the CNS.- 8. Enkephalin Receptors and Cellular Effects.- 8.1. Mechanism of Enkephalin Action.- 9. Enkephalins and Pain.- 10. Role of Enkephalin in the Gastrointestinal System.- 11. References.- 3 Beta-Endorphin and Biosynthetically Related Peptides in the Central Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunohistochemistry: ss-LPH, ss-END, ACTH, ?-MSH, and Gamma-MSH (?-MSH).- 2.1. Pituitary.- 2.2. Brain.- 3. Biosynthesis of the ACTH, ?-MSH, ss-END/?-MSH Precursor.- 3.1. Pituitary: From Peptides to the Gene.- 3.2. Pituitary POMC: Posttranslational Events.- 3.3. Pituitary ss-END: Multiple Forms.- 3.4. Brain POMC.- 4. Receptors of ss1 Substance P in the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods for Detection and Assay of Substance P.- 2.1. Bioassay.- 2.2. Radioimmunoassay.- 2.3. Immunocytochemistry.- 3. Neurochemistry of Substance P Neurons.- 3.1. Biosynthesis of Substance P.- 3.2. Transport of Substance P in Neurons.- 3.3. Neuronal Storage of Substance P.- 3.4. Release of Substance P from Neurons.- 3.5. Inactivation of Neuronally Released Substance P.- 3.6. Substance P Receptors.- 3.7. Substance P Antagonists.- 4. Substance P in the Peripheral Nervous System.- 4.1. Neuromuscular Junction.- 4.2. Sympathetic Ganglia.- 4.3. Adrenal Medulla.- 4.4. Parasympathetic Ganglia.- 4.5. Carotid Body.- 4.6. Enteric Neurons.- 5. Substance P in Primary Sensory Neurons.- 5.1. Visceral Sensory Neurons.- 5.2. Spinal and Trigeminal Sensory Neurons.- 5.3. Interaction of Opiates with Substance P-Containing Sensory Neurons.- 5.4. Interaction of Capsaicin with Substance P-Containing Sensory Neurons.- 5.5. Substance P in the Peripheral Processes of Sensory Neurons.- 6. Substance P in the Central Nervous System.- 6.1. Spinal Cord.- 6.2. Basal Ganglia.- 6.3. Habenular-Interpenduncular Projection.- 6.4. Other Central Substance P Systems.- 7. Coexistence of Substance P with Other Neurotransmitters.- 8. Interaction of Substance P with Other Transmitter Receptors.- 8.1. Nicotinic Receptors.- 8.2. Other Receptors.- 9. Neurological Disorders Affecting Substance P Neurons.- 10. Conclusions.- 11. References.- 2 The Enkephalins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Enkephalin Biosynthesis.- 3. Regulation of Enkephalin Concentration in the Adrenal Medulla.- 4. Enkephalin Metabolism.- 5. Enkephalin Regulation in Neurons.- 6. Enkephalin Distribution.- 6.1. Enkephalin in the Pituitary.- 6.2. Enkephalin in the Gastrointestinal System.- 6.3. Enkephalin in the Autonomic Nervous System.- 6.4. Enkephalin in the Central Nervous System.- 6.5. The Spinal Cord: Enkephalin and Substance P.- 6.6. Enkephalins and Catecholamines.- 6.7. Enkephalin Co-localization with Other Neurotransmitters.- 6.8. Enkephalins in Neuronal Pathways.- 6.9. Enkephalins in Cultured Neurons.- 6.10. Enkephalins in Invertebrates.- 7. Electrophysiology of Enkephalin.- 7.1. Myenteric Plexus.- 7.2. Locus Coeruleus.- 7.3. Hippocampus.- 7.4. Spinal Cord.- 7.5. Other Enkephalin Effects in the CNS.- 8. Enkephalin Receptors and Cellular Effects.- 8.1. Mechanism of Enkephalin Action.- 9. Enkephalins and Pain.- 10. Role of Enkephalin in the Gastrointestinal System.- 11. References.- 3 Beta-Endorphin and Biosynthetically Related Peptides in the Central Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunohistochemistry: ss-LPH, ss-END, ACTH, ?-MSH, and Gamma-MSH (?-MSH).- 2.1. Pituitary.- 2.2. Brain.- 3. Biosynthesis of the ACTH, ?-MSH, ss-END/?-MSH Precursor.- 3.1. Pituitary: From Peptides to the Gene.- 3.2. Pituitary POMC: Posttranslational Events.- 3.3. Pituitary ss-END: Multiple Forms.- 3.4. Brain POMC.- 4. Receptors of ss-END, ACTH, ?-MSH.- 5. Physiological and Behavioral Studies.- 5.1. Pharmacological Approach.- 5.2. Biochemical Approach.- 6. Psychiatric Studies Using Opioid Peptides and Related Pharmacology.- 7. Future Directions: The Multisubstance Neuron.- 8. References.- 4 Cholecystokinin and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cholecystokinin.- 2.1. Chemical Characterization of Cholecystokinin-like Peptides.- 2.2. Regional Distribution of Cholecystokinin-like Peptides.- 2.3. Subcellular Distribution.- 2.4. Release.- 2.5. Degradation.- 2.6. Central Actions of CCK.- 2.7. CNS Diseases.- 3. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide.- 3.1. Chemical Characterization.- 3.2. Regional Distribution of VIP.- 3.3. Subcellular Distribution.- 3.4. Release.- 3.5. Degradation.- 3.6. Central Actions of VIP.- 3.7. CNS Diseases.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. References.- 5 Brain Angiotensin.- 1. The Renin-Angiotensin System.- 1.1. Biochemistry.- 1.2. Physiology.- 2. Effects of Angiotensin on the Brain.- 2.1. Thirst and Salt Appetite.- 2.2. Angiotensin and Central Blood Pressure Control.- 2.3. Release of Pituitary Hormones.- 2.4. Angiotensin and Behavior.- 3. The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System.- 3.1. Biochemical Aspects.- 3.2. Distribution of Renin and Angiotensin in Brain.- 3.3. Angiotensin Receptors in the Brain.- 3.4. Functional Aspects of a Brain Renin-Angiotensin System.- 4. References.- 6 Neurotensin and Bombesin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neurotensin.- 2.1. Isolation and Characterization.- 2.2. Localization.- 2.3. Release and Inactivation.- 2.4. Receptor Binding.- 2.5. Peripheral Effects.- 2.6. Central Nervous System Effects.- 3. Bombesin.- 3.1. Isolation and Characterization.- 3.2. Localization.- 3.3. Release and Receptor Binding.- 3.4. Peripheral Effects.- 3.5. Central Nervous System Effects.- 4. Discussion.- 5. References.- 7 Extrahypothalamic Distribution and Action of Hypothalamic Hormones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH).- 2.1. LH-RH-Containing Cell Bodies.- 2.2. LH-RH-Containing Pathways.- 2.3. LH-RH-Containing Nerve Terminals.- 3. Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH).- 3.1. TRH-Containing Cell Bodies.- 3.2. TRH-Containing Pathways.- 3.3. TRH-Containing Nerve Terminals.- 4. Somatostatin.- 4.1. Somatostatin-Containing Cells.- 4.2. Somatostatin-Containing Pathways.- 4.3. Somatostatin-Containing Nerve Terminals.- 5. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF).- 6. Vasopressin.- 6.1. Vasopressin-Containing Cells.- 6.2. Vasopressin-Containing Pathways.- 6.3. Vasopressin-Containing Nerve Terminals.- 7. Oxytocin.- 7.1. Oxytocin-Containing Cells.- 7.2. Oxytocin-Containing Pathways.- 7.3. Oxytocin-Containing Nerve Terminals.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- 9. References.- 8 Peptide Effects on the Excitability of Single Nerve Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Invertebrate Studies.- 3. Vertebrate Studies.- 3.1. Cloned Pituitary Cells in Culture.- 3.2. Enteric Ganglia.- 3.3 Sympathetic Ganglia.- 3.4. Central Neurons in Vitro.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. References.- 9 Neuronal Coexistence of Peptides with Other Putative Transmitters.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology.- 3. Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Some Other Paraneurons.- 4. Peripheral Nervous System.- 4.1. Enkephalins.- 4.2. Somatostatin.- 4.3. Avian Pancreatic Polypeptide.- 4.4. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide.- 5. Central Nervous System.- 5.1. Substance P and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone.- 5.2. Cholecystokinin.- 5.3. Avian Pancreatic Polypeptide.- 5.4. Enkephalins.- 5.5. Magnocellular Neurosecretory System.- 5.6. Arcuate Nucleus.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 7. References.

Zusatzinfo	biography
Sprache	englisch
Gewicht	1130 g
Themenwelt	Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Schmerztherapie
ISBN-10	0-306-41048-6 / 0306410486
ISBN-13	978-0-306-41048-2 / 9780306410482
Zustand	Neuware