Current and Future Cellular Systems (eBook)

Technologies, Applications, and Challenges

Garima Chopra, Suhaib Ahmed, Shalli Rani (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2025 | 1. Auflage
336 Seiten
Wiley-IEEE Press (Verlag)
978-1-394-25605-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Comprehensive reference on the latest trends, solutions, challenges, and future directions of 5G communications and beyond

Current and Future Cellular Systems: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges covers the state of the art in architectures and solutions for 5G wireless communication and beyond. This book is unique because instead of focusing on singular topics, it considers various technologies being used in conjunction with 5G and beyond 5G technologies. All new and emerging technologies are covered, along with their problems and how quality of service (QoS) can be improved with respect to future requirements.

This book highlights the latest trends in resource allocation techniques due to different device (or user) characteristics, provides a special focus on wide bandwidth millimeter wave communications including circuitry, antennas, and propagation, and discusses the involvement of decision-making processes assisted by artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) in applications such as resource allocation, power allocation, QoS improvement, and autonomous vehicles. Readers will also learn to develop mathematical modeling, perform simulation setup, and configure parameters related to simulations.

Current and Future Cellular Systems includes information on:

• The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), covering requirements, challenges, and limitations of Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) with Resource Allocation (RA) techniques
• Intelligent reflecting surfaces, unmanned aerial vehicles, power optimized frameworks, challenges in a sub-6 GHz band, and communication in a THz band
• The role of IoT in healthcare, agriculture, smart home applications, networking requirements, and the metaverse
• Quantum computing, cloud computing, spectrum sharing methods, and performance analysis of WiFi 6/7 for indoor and outdoor environments

Providing expansive yet accessible coverage of the subject by exploring both basic and advanced topics, Current and Future Cellular Systems serves as an excellent introduction to the fundamentals of 5G and its applications for graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals in the field of wireless communication technologies.

Garima Chopra, PhD, is an Assistant Professor with Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology at Chitkara University, Punjab, India.

Suhaib Ahmed, PhD, is an Assistant Professor with Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, J&K, India.

Shalli Rani, PhD, is a Professor with Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology at Chitkara University, Punjab, India.

Textauszug

1
Spectrum Sharing Schemes for 5G and Beyond in Wireless Communication

Aditya Bakshi1, Akhil Gupta2, and Arushi Pandey1

1School of Technology Management and Engineering, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Chandigarh, India

2School of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional Engineering, Phagwara, Punjab, India

1.1 Introduction

In last 10 years, a great advancement has been done in increasing the number of wireless broadband and multimedia devices after evolution of the first-generation (1G) mobile communication system. New services and use cases have evolved using fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks, namely, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) etc. The eMBB shows enhancements in user data rates whereas URLLC is used for mission-critical and time-sensitive applications which provide low-latency and ultra-high reliability. Enabling communication between a great number of devices can be achieved by massive machine-type communications (m-MTC). The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its subset, industrial IoT (IIoT) helps to generate efficient and sustainable production using ubiquitous Internet connections [1]. Beyond 5G, the next i.e. sixth-generation (6G) communication systems plays an important role in accelerating the IOT implementation and diverse industry areas. There is a 38% annual growth rate in Internet from 2016 to 2023 [2, 3], and mobile connectivity [2] is at peak in year 2022. Over 50 million devices around the world will be connected as a part of IOT by 2030.

So, a new solution must be implemented as available frequency resources are limited in 5G demand for bandwidth increases as new applications are growing very fast and the use of mobile data traffic also increases with time. The Internet traffic in 2030 will be 5000 exabytes as per the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [4]. So, there is a need for revision in the utilization of supplementary frequency bands for higher spectrums. There are lots of challenges that exist in using Millimeter Wave (mmW) bands which hamper its large-scale implementation such as the behavior of mmWs spreading in different directions whenever changes occur in current cellular systems, mmW bands can be affected by multiple objects due to multiple objects, Rapid fluctuations in channels due to small coherence time of mmW bands, etc. The cellular network frequency bands are shown Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Country wise deployment of sub 6GHz frequency bands for 5G Network.

Countries	3–4 GHz	4–5 GHz	5–7 GHz

China

3.3–3.6 GHz

4.5–5 GHz

UK

3.4–3.8 GHz

USA

3.7–3.98 GHz

4.49–4.99 GHz

5.9–7.1 GHz

Canada

3.65–4.0 GHz

5.9–7.1 GHz

India

3.4–3.6 GHz

Australia

3.34–3.7 GHz

Italy

3.6–3.8 GHz

Malaysia

3.5 GHz

Korea

3.4–3.7 GHz, 3.7–4.0 GHz

Japan

3.6–4.1GHz

4.5–4.9 GHz

EU

3.4–3.8 GHz

5.9–6.4 GHz

1.1.1 Motivation

Spectrum sharing facilitates the shared use of the spectrum as compared to a fixed allocation of spectrum where primary users can access the frequency bands with dedicated frequency portions under specific rules and conditions. Spectrum sharing may look trivial but characteristically it is very complex to implement. As Mobile Network Users (MNOs) are operating concurrently, spectrum sharing limits the activities of primary users on the band. So for participation in spectrum sharing schemes and viewing these participations, proper incentives are needed to motivate primary users that impact positive outcomes on the organization.

1.1.2 Literature Review

In literature, investigation has been done for spectrum sharing mechanism for CCN and CRSN. Review work for spectrum sharing and cognitive radio is shown in Table 1.2. The table covers description, advantages, and disadvantages of each article.

Table 1.2 Review works in Spectrum Sharing and Cognitive Radio.

Ref No.	Author	Description	Advantages	Disadvantages

[5]

Ali and Hamounda

Presented a noval spectrum sensing system with proper spectrum sensing methods and its classification. The standard spectrum sensing techniques challenges has also been discussed here

The interweave cognitive radio mode technology for the spectrum sensing for improving the system performance

In the presence of practical imperfections, the compressed sensing based approaches cannot give good results

[6]

Sharma, Lagunas et al.

This work provides a review of application of CS in CR communications and compare it with different state of art approaches

Various application areas such as wideband SS and REM construction has been acquired using RF parameter

Less channel occupancy, comprehensive estimation mismatch and realistic signal model evaluation

[7]

Kliks et al.

Presented an energy efficient CSS algorithm with news ideas of implementing energy efficient model

Reduction of processing node and energy consumption in each node

Quality of service (QOS) can be easily breach with less reliable spectrum scheme

[8]

Tanab and Hamounda

Presented a resource allocation algorithm and approaches for CRNs having certain criteria, techniques and network architecture

Proper resource allocation and its component for cognitive radio networks has been explained

Network mobility, channel models, hybrid users and security of spectrum sensing can be improved

[9]

Ahmad, Rehmani et al.

CR sensor networks (CRSNs) based resource allocation schemes designed and classified on optimization standards

Centralized resource allocation in CRSN with different scheme, classes, and categories

Distributed and cluster-based frameworks can also yield good results

[10]

Tsiropoulos, Dobre et al.

Review of dynamic spectrum allocation and aggregation with various optimized CRNs based resource allocation designs

Solve the problem of resource allocation using numerous design approaches

Difficult to adapt, reconfigure, accessible the allocation without CRN

[11]

Liang, Hanzo et al.

Presented a frequency-division-base and time-division-base channel implement on overlay spectrum access scheme in a cooperative cognitive radio (CCR) network setting

In CCN spectrum scheme both cooperative and non-cooperative games as well as matching games have been shown

Primary users (PUs) and cognitive users (CUs) only interacts with relaying in CCN not with game-theoretical sense

[12]

Tehrani, Vahid et al.

Review of characteristics of different authorization regimes with different coordination protocols, network topologies functional on licensed sharing scenarios

Reduces the latency by executing enhanced multi-band scheduling algorithms

Enhanced regulatory regimes and functional requirements is required if MTC services needs to be accommodated in spectrum

[13]

Voicu, Petrove et al.

Presented a wireless inter-technology model with a spectrum sharing mechanisms that incorporates a unified, system-level view the technical and non-technical aspects of spectrum

Integration of technical and non-technical aspects at different layers using technology circle

Performance of more than two broadband technologies and deployment of wide networks on inter-technology model without interference is still a big challenge

[14]

De Figueiredo, Jiao et al.

Author shows a radio-based framework with optimal use of radio spectrum to achieve improved spectrum utilization

Importance of a pivotal role in spectrum scarcity is explained using time-frequency resources based optimum utilization

Scalable OFDM-based air interface and its slots didn’t give fruitful results

Spectrum sharing facilitated by intellectual radio networks provides a more dynamic and efficient way of spectrum utilization. Intelligent radio enables intelligent autonomous devices to opportunistically sense, optimize, and utilize spectrum availability, improving spectrum efficiency and reducing...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 3.1.2025
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Netzwerke
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: 5G NR • Beyond 5G • Cellular internet of things • integrated sensing • mmWave indoor • QoS improvement • Quality of Service • resource sharing WiFi cellular • rural QoS improvement • Satellite Communication • sub 6ghz • wireless communication
• ISBN-10: 1-394-25605-1 / 1394256051
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-25605-1 / 9781394256051