Vertisols and Technologies for their Management (eBook)

N. Ahmad, A. Mermut (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

1996 | 1. Auflage
548 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054352-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Vertisols, one of the eleven established soil orders, are clay soils with unusual and interesting properties. They cover more than 350 million hectares of land in the world and in tropical Africa alone there are over 100 million hectares. Because of their very small particle size and high surface area, these soils have higher physical and chemical reactivity than other soils. Their interaction with agrochemicals/industrial wastes, has been, increasingly, the subject of research especially in the last two decades. Vertisols create special problems when used for engineering purposes.

This book is intended to provide comprehensive and state-of-the-art information about Vertisols worldwide. Special attention is given to the use and management of soils such as fertilizer use, crop selection, soil tillage, water restriction on land including irrigation, and soil erosion. A special chapter has been added to deal with geotechnical engineering of Vertisols.

Vertisols have great potential for agricultural production but many, especially in the developing world, are underutilized due to a lack of understanding regarding their behaviour and management.

This book is written by leading scientists worldwide. It is expected that this monograph will be of great use to soil scientists and agronomists, graduate and senior graduate students.

Improvement of their management may solve the current food deficiency in the world.

Inhalt

Cover 1
CONTENTS 10
Preface 6
CHAPTER 1. OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF VERTISOLS 18
1.1. Introduction 18
1.2. Vertisols of Africa 21
1.3. Vertisols of Australia 32
1.4. Vertisols of the Caribbean 37
1.5. Vertisols of India 43
1.6. Vertisols of the United States 48
References 53
CHAPTER 2. PEDOGENESIS 60
2.1. Introduction 60
2.2. Soil-Forming Factors 60
2.3. Soil-Forming Processes 64
2.4. Formation of Vertisols 69
2.5. Pedogenic Models 70
References 75
CHAPTER 3. CLASSIFICATION OF VERTISOLS 80
3.1. Introduction 80
3.2. Soil Taxonomy 80
3.3. The FAO/Unesco System 88
3.4. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) 91
3.5. The French Classification System (CPCS, 1967) and the "Référentiel Pédologique Français" 93
3.6. The Australian Soil Classification 97
3.7. General Discussion 99
References 102
CHAPTER 4. SOIL MORPHOLOGY 106
4.1. Introduction 106
4.2. Macromorphology 106
4.3. Micromorphology 117
References 127
CHAPTER 5. MINERALOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF VERTISOLS 132
5.1. Introduction 132
5.2. Formation of Vertisols 132
5.3. Mineralogy of Vertisols 138
5.4. Chemistry of Vertisols 168
5.5. Shrink–Swell Phenomena 184
5.6. Summary 204
References 205
CHAPTER 6. WATER RELATIONS AND WATER MANAGEMENT OF VERTISOLS 218
6.1. Porous System of Vertisols 218
6.2. Soil Water Retention Curves 227
6.3. Hydrodynamics in Vertisols 232
6.4. Consequences for Water Management Practices 240
References 244
CHAPTER 7. THE STRUCTURE AND GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF VERTISOLS 248
7.1. Introduction 248
7.2. Previous Reviews 250
7.3. The Description of Structure in Vertisols 250
7.4. Properties that Influence the Structure of Vertisols 253
7.5. Constituent Properties 254
7.6. External Influences 267
7.7. Discussion 271
References 273
CHAPTER 8. TILLAGE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES 278
8.1. Introduction 278
8.2. Resources and tillage 280
8.3. What Does Tillage Do to the Soil? 282
8.4. Consequences of Tillage 286
8.5 Tillage Effects on Soil Water Processes and Crop Production 289
8.6. Cultural Practices 305
8.7. Conclusion 312
References 313
CHAPTER 9. SOIL EROSION AND SOIL CONSERVATION FOR VERTISOLS 320
9.1. Introduction 320
9.2. Special Features of Vertisols 320
9.3. Management Options for Erosion Reduction 328
9.4. An Integrated Approach to Erosion Research 344
9.5. Simulation of Erosion 357
9.6. Application of Erosion Models in Systems Models 364
References 370
CHAPTER 10. MANAGEMENT OF VERTISOLS IN RAINFED CONDITIONS 380
10.1. Introduction 380
10.2. Land Use in Crop Production 380
10.3. Land Use as Pasture 429
10.4. Land Use in Agroforestry 432
References 433
CHAPTER 11. MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATED VERTISOLS 446
11.1. Introduction 446
11.2. Methods of Irrigation Applicable to Vertisols 446
11.3. Problems Associated with Irrigation 449
11.4. Water Use Regulation and Efficiency 449
11.5. Water Quality and its Monitoring 451
11.6. Water Conducting System 452
11.7. Examples of Irrigation Use on Vertisols 453
References 470
CHAPTER 12. MANAGEMENT OF VERTISOLS FOR RICE PRODUCTION 474
12.1. Rainfed and Direct Seeding System with Manual or Mechanical Land Preparation 474
12.2. Rainfed or Irrigated with Transplanting System and Manual or Mechanical Land Preparation 479
12.3. Limited or Full Irrigation in Which Rice is Grown Continuously with Fully or Partially Mechanised Production Systems Involving Direct Seeding and Dry/Wet Land Preparation 480
12.4. Limited or Full Irrigation in Which Rice is Grown Continuously with Fully Mechanised Production Systems and Wet Land Preparation 482
12.5. Full Irrigation in Which Rice is Grown for One Crop Each Year in a System of Crop Rotation or Alternative Land Use (Australian Practice) 487
References 493
CHAPTER 13. COLD VERTISOLS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 496
13.1. Introduction 496
13.2. Formation and Distribution of Cold Vertisols 496
13.3. Characteristics of Cold Vertisols 500
13.4. Uses and Management of Cold Vertisols 505
References 512
CHAPTER 14. GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SWELLING CLAYS 516
14.1. Introduction 516
14.2. Stress State Variables Controlling Soil Behavior 518
14.3. Theoretical Derivation for Prediction of Heave 527
14.4. Case Histories 532
References 535
References Index 542
Subject Index 558

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.12.1996
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054352-9 / 0080543529
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054352-9 / 9780080543529