Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter (eBook)

K. Kumada (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1988 | 1. Auflage
240 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-086985-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Despite the large number of papers and books published on soil organic matter (humus), our knowledge of the subject is still very limited, as is our knowledge of humic acid. The author of this book began to study humus at the end of the 1940s and continued until 1984 when he retired from Nagoya University. With the intention of establishing a systematic understanding of soil organic matter, he has compiled facts and a discussion of humus based on his extensive experimental results during the past 40 years.

In this book, humic acids are classified into A, B, Rp and P types, based on their optical properties. The elementary composition and other chemical properties of humic acid types are shown to be regularly different from each other. A new method for humus composition analysis applied to various kinds of soils in Japan and several other countries indicates that the diversity of humus compositions of soils is systematically understandable. These findings lead the author to novel theories on the chemical configuration and formation of humic acids and humic substances. Diagenesis of humus under terrestrial conditions is illustrated as to the buried humic horizons of Black soil (Andosol).

The book will be useful not only to soil scientists and agronomists but also to geochemists, oceanographers, limnologists, water scientists, biologists and chemists who are dealing with organic matter in terrestrial, aquatic, and sedimentary environments.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 10
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 14
1.1. Usage of the Terms 14
1.2. Brief Explanation of the Soils of Japan 16
1.3. General Discussion on Soil Forming Process with Special Reference to Organic Matter 23
Chapter 2. Classification of Humic Acids 30
2.1. Studies on the Optical Properties of Humic Acids 31
2.2. Several Properties of Humic Acids 35
2.3. Classification of Humic Acids Based on Shape of the Absorption Spectrum and .log K 38
2.4. Dr . M.M. Kononova’s Criticism 39
2.5. IR Spectra of Humic Acids 41
2.6. Present Classification System of Humic Acids 43
Chapter 3. Spectroscopic Characteristics of Humic Acids and Fulvic Acids 47
3.1. Preparation of Samples 47
3.2. Spectrometric Characterization of Humic Acids and Fulvic Acids 51
3.3. Speculation on the Mechanisms of Light Absorption of Humic Acids 66
Chapter 4. P Type Humic Acid 70
4.1. Distribution of P Type Humic Acid 70
4.2. Fractionation of P Type Humic Acid 71
4.3. Origin of Pg 76
4.4. Chromophore of Pg 78
4.5. Other Soil Quinone Pigments 80
Chapter 5. Elementary Composition of Humic Acids and Fulvic Acids 83
5.1. Deviation of Analytical Value 85
5.2. Elementary Composition of Humic Acids Obtained by Successive Extraction 91
5.3. Methodology for the Comparison of Elementary Composition 92
5.4. Elementary Composition of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Samples 93
5.5. Relationship between Elementary Composition and Optical Properties 105
Chapter 6. Humus Composition of Soils 108
6.1. Humus Composition Analysis 108
6.2. Examples of Humus Composition Analysis 110
6.3. Humus Composition of Japanese Soils 113
6.4. Humus Composition of Foreign Soils 130
6.5. Generalization of Humic Acid Combination Type 143
Chapter 7. Analysis of A,, Horizon 148
7.1. Fractionation of A, Horizon 148
7.2. Amounts of the Fractions 150
7.3. Elementary Composition 151
7.4. Humus Composition 155
7.5. Organic Matter Composition by Waksman’s Method 157
Chapter 8. Model Experiments on the Formation of Humic Acids 161
8.1. Artificial Humic Acids Prepared by Chemical. Enzymatical and Biological Treatments 162
8.2. Formation of Hydroquinone Humic Acid as Affected by Aluminum and Iron 171
Chapter 9. Chemical Properties of Various Types of Humic Acid 175
9.1. Oxygen–containing Functional Groups 175
9.2. Nitrogen Distribution in Humic Acids 178
9.3. Amino Acid, Phenol, and Sugar Composition of Acid–hydrolysate 180
9.4. Fractionation Experiment 184
9.5. Viscosimetric Characteristics 189
Chapter 10. The Nature and Genesis of Humic Acid 194
10.1. X-ray Diffraction 194
10.2. Burning as a Possible Mechanism of the Formation of Soil Humus 200
10.3. Environmental Evidence of the Formation of A Type Humic Acid 211
10.4. Genesis of Soil Humic Acids 213
Chapter 11. Diagenesis of Humus 218
11.1. Diagenesis of the Humus of Black Soils 218
11.2. Elementary Composition and Optical Properties of Sedimentary Humic Acids and Fulvic Acids 227
Chapter 12. Complementary Remarks 230
References 234
Index 250

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.1.1988
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-086985-8 / 0080869858
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-086985-8 / 9780080869858