Advances in Botanical Research (eBook)

eBook Download: PDF

1997 | 1. Auflage
466 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-056178-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Articles in this volume analyze rapidly evolving approaches, many at the cusp of development, to research plant defense mechanisms, pathogen variability, and epidemiology. Jones and Jones focus on emerging patterns that key resistance genes encode or require leucine-rich repeat proteins. Holub and Beynon analyze associating host resistance specificity with a locus and whether a phenotype is due to single or multiple genes. Ashby combines biochemical, molecular, and classical plant pathology to analyze interactions and provide leads to novel control strategies. Heath and Skalamera question why fungal biotrophs form intracellular structures, the significance of ensuing cellular rearrangements and death of invaded resistant cells. Spencer-Phillips explores the roles of haustoria and intercellular hyphae in intercepting organic and inorganic nutrients from hosts.
Chamberlain and Ingram compare pathogen asexual and sexual reproduction for generating genetic variation, physiological and fitness costs and trade-offs. Hardham and Hyde consider new knowledge of sporangiogenesis and zoospore production in oomycetes. Dewey et al. analyze recent advances in accurately enumerating pathogens in soil. Wistemeyer et al. consider opportunities for horizontal gene transfer amongst microbes and plants in soil. Irwin et al. discuss origins of genetic variationof Phytophthora pathogens of pasture legumes. Rodriguez and Redman show how prominent pathogens which also behave as endophytes or saprophytes may influence plant community structure and dynamics. Haubold and Rainey challenge us to consider geneticvariation in plant-colonizing bacterial populations. Milgroom and Fry demonstrate that the practical need to understand pathogen variation is the most significant application of population genetics to disease management.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Botanical Research, Volume 24 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors to Volume 24 16
Contents of Volumes 13–23 18
Series Preface 24
Preface 26
Chapter 1. Contributions of Population Genetics to Plant Disease Epidemiology and Management 28
I. Introduction 28
II. Population Genetics and Plant Pathology 30
III. What can Population Genetics Contribute to Epidemiology and Plant Disease Management? 32
IV. Examples of the Integration of Population Genetics and Epidemiology 46
V. Future Contributions of Population Genetics to Plant Pathology 51
Acknowledgements 51
References 52
Chapter 2. A Molecular View Through the Looking Glass: the Pyrenopeziza brassicae–Brassica Interaction 58
I. Introduction 59
II. The P. brassicae–Brassica Interaction 59
III. Molecular Techniques in the Analysis of the P. brassicae–Brassica Interaction 65
IV. Molecular Analysis of Pathogenesis 67
V. Analysis of the Hemibiotrophic Phase: the Role of Cytokinins 74
VI. Analysis of Sexual Morphogenesis 78
VII. A Molecular View through the Looking Glass: the P. brassicae-Brassica Interaction 87
VIII. Concluding Remarks 92
Acknowledgements 92
References 92
Chapter 3. The Balance and Interplay Between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Fungi 98
I. Introduction 98
II. Initiation of Asexual Sporulation and Sexual Reproduction 99
III. Comparisons of Genetic Variation, Physiological Costs and Fitness between Asexual and Sexual Systems 100
IV. Maintaining and Changing the Balance between Reproductive Processes 101
V. Trade-off between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction 107
VI. Conclusion 108
Acknowledgements 109
References 109
Chapter 4. The Role of Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins in Plant Defences 116
I. Introduction 117
II. Resistance Genes Encoding Proteins with Extracytoplasmic LRRs 118
III. Resistance Genes Encoding Proteins with Cytoplasmic LRRs 128
IV. Defence-related Genes Encoding Proteins with Extracytoplasmic LRRs 146
V. Genes Encoding Proteins of Unknown Function with Extracytoplasmic LRRs 158
VI. A Gene Encoding a Protein of Unknown Function with Cytoplasmic LRRs 164
VII. The Evolution of Plant LRR Proteins 165
VIII. The Structure and Molecular Specificity of Plant LRR Proteins 171
IX. Concluding Remarks 180
Acknowledgements 183
References 183
Chapter 5. Fungal Life-styles and Ecosystem Dynamics: Biological Aspects of Plant Pathogens, Plant Endophytes and Saprophytes 196
I. Introduction 196
II. Plant Pathogens 198
III. Plant Endophytes 201
IV. Saprophytes 203
V. Life-style Crossroads 206
VI. Life-styles and Ecosystem Dynamics 209
VII. Fungal Biology in Agricultural Versus Natural Ecosystems 210
VIII. The Evolution of Agriculture 211
IX. Conclusion 213
Acknowledgements 214
References 214
Chapter 6. Cellular Interactions between Plants and Biotrophic Fungal Parasites 222
I. Introduction 223
II. Why do Fungal and Oomycetous Parasites form Intracellular Structures? 225
III. Of what Significance are the Plant Cellular Rearrangements that Accompany Parasite Invasion? 233
IV. Why do Biotroph-Invaded Cells Die in Resistant Plants? 237
V. Conclusions 246
References 246
Chapter 7. Symbiology of Mouse-Ear Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Oomycetes 254
I. Introduction 255
II. Defining a New Research Arena of Plant Biology 256
III. Symbionts from the Wild 260
IV. Molecular Genetics of Natural Variation 270
V. Mutations: Revealing Complexity from Black and White 286
VI. Avenues of Future Research 289
VII. Concluding Remarks 295
Acknowledgements 296
References 296
Chapter 8. Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Detect, Quantify and Visualize Fungi in Soils 302
I. Introduction 303
II. Production of Species-specific and Genus-specific Monoclonal Antibodies 305
III. Assay Formats 307
IV. Sample Preparation 310
V. Detection 314
VI. Quantification 316
VII. Visualization 327
VIII. Concluding Remarks 329
Acknowledgements 331
References 331
Chapter 9. Function of Fungal Haustoria in Epiphytic and Endophytic Infections 336
I. Introduction 336
II. Strategies for Nutrition and Biotrophy: an Overview 338
III. The Challenge of Biotrophic Nutrient Accumulation 340
IV. The Role of Haustoria and Intercellular Hyphae in Transfer Intercept 343
V. Alternative Functions of Haustoria 352
VI. Summary and Research Priorities 354
Acknowledgements 355
References 355
Chapter 10. Towards an Understanding of the Population Genetics of Plant-Colonizing Bacteria 362
I. Introduction 362
II. Quantifying Genetic Variation: the Indirect Approach 364
III. The Neutral Theory: Historical Background to the Study of Bacterial Population Genetics 365
IV. Population Structure 367
V. The Metapopulation Concept 372
VI. Conclusions 374
Acknowledgements 374
References 374
Chapter 11. Asexual Sporulation in the Oomycetes 380
I. Introduction 380
II. Sporangiogenesis 384
III. Zoosporogenesis 404
Acknowledgements 417
References 417
Chapter 12. Horizontal Gene Transfer in the Rhizosphere: a Curiosity or a Driving Force in Evolution? 426
I. Horizontal or Lateral Gene Transfer: where does it Occur? 426
II. Bacteria as Recipients of Foreign DNA 428
III. Fungi as Recipients of Foreign DNA 437
IV. Plants as Recipients of Foreign DNA 443
V. Interkingdom Gene Transfer 447
VI. Relevance of Lateral Gene Transfer for Evolution 449
References 451
Chapter 13. The Origins of Phytophthora Species Attacking Legumes in Australia 458
I. Introduction 459
II. Legumes in Australia 459
III. Phytophthora Species Attacking Legumes in Australia 460
IV. Genetic Variation and Possible Origins of Phytophthora Species Attacking Legumes 464
V. Evolutionary Relationships between Phytophthora Species Attacking Legumes 467
VI. Evolution of Species and Host Specificity in Phytophthora Species attacking Legumes 469
VII. Evolution of Cultivar Specificity in Phytophthora sojae 475
VIII. Concluding Remarks 477
Acknowledgements 478
References 478
Index 484

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.1.1997
• Mitarbeit: Herausgeber (Serie): Patrick R. Andrews, Inez C. Tommerup
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-056178-0 / 0080561780
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-056178-3 / 9780080561783