Arctic Communications (eBook)

Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the AGARD Ionospheric Research Committee, Athens, Greece, July 1963

B. Landmark (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
308 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-5032-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Arctic Communications is a compilation of the proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the Ionospheric Research Committee of NATO's Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, held in Athens, Greece in July 1963. The meeting provided a forum for discussing advances in communications equipment used to conduct research in the Arctic and covered a wide range of topics such as the physical properties of the Arctic ionosphere; Arctic high-frequency communications; soundings and field strength measurements; and observations in the Arctic during nuclear tests.
This book is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental studies of high latitude absorption phenomena, including auroral absorption, polar cap absorption, and sudden commencement absorption. Direct measurements of D-region electron densities during the absorption periods are also presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the ionospheric absorption of cosmic noise observed at geomagnetically conjugate points; ionospheric ionization produced by solar flares; military communication facilities in the Canadian Arctic; and radio noise problems in Arctic regions. Phase instabilities on a very-low-frequency transmission path passing through the auroral zone are also considered.
This monograph will be of particular value to scientists and researchers with interest in the Arctic.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Arctic Communications 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
WELCOME ADDRESS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE IONOSPHERIC INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL OBSERVATORY OF ATHENS 8
INTRODUCTION 10
PART 1: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THEARCTIC IONOSPHERE 12
CHAPTER 1. SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE ARCTIC D-REGION 14
ABSTRACT 14
1. INTRODUCTION 14
2. AURORAL ABSORPTION 15
3. POLAR CAP ABSORPTION 26
4. SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT ABSORPTION 33
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 35
REFERENCES 35
CHAPTER 2. CONJUGATE POINT OBSERVATIONS AT A VARIETY OF HIGH GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDES 38
1. INTRODUCTION 38
2. QUEBEC CITY/EIGHTS PROGRAM 1961-62 38
3. LONGYEARBYEN/MIRNYY PROGRAM 1961 44
4. PRESENT CONJUGATE POINT EXPERIMENTS 47
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48
REFERENCES 49
CHAPTER 3. SUR LES FORTES ABSORPTIONS IONOSPHÉRIQUES À KERGUELEN ÉTUDIÉES AU MOYEN DE LA CARACTÉRISTIQUE fmin DE L'lONOSONDE 50
SOMMAIRE 50
ABSTRACT 50
1. INTRODUCTION 50
2. PROBABILITE D'UNE FRÉQUENCE MINIMUM (/min) EFFETS DIURNE ET SAISONNIER 51
3. FRÉQUENCE DES ABSORPTIONS TOTALES (BLACKOUT) 53
4. ÉVÉNEMENTS DE L'ANNÉE 1960 54
RÉFÉRENCES 56
CHAPTER 4. IONOSPHERIC IONIZATION PRODUCED BY SOLAR FLARES AS MEASURED BY CONTINUOUS RECORDINGS OF fmin· COMPARISON BETWEEN PULSE AND MULTIFREQUENCY RIOMETER TECHNIQUES 58
ABSTRACT 58
1. INTRODUCTION 58
2. COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM fmin AND RIOMETER OBSERVATIONS 58
3. MULTIFREQUENCY RIOMETER OBSERVATIONS 60
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 63
REFERENCES 63
CHAPTER 5. VARIATION DIURNE DE L'ABSORPTION DE TYPE III À LA STATION DUMONT D'URVILLE 64
SOMMAIRE 64
ABSTRACT 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2. VARIATION DIURNE DE L'ABSORPTION PENDANT LES JOURS P ET PENDANT LES JOURS NON P 65
3. VARIATION SAISONNIÈRE DE L'ABSORPTION PENDANT LES JOURS NON P 66
4. VARIATION SAISONNIÈRE DE L'ABSORPTION PENDANT LES JOURS P 70
5. "BLACKS-OUT" DIURNES LOGAUX ET PCA 71
6. INTERPRETATION DE LA VARIATION DIURNE DE L'ABSORPTION ANORMALE 71
RÉFÉRENCES 73
CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION 74
PART 2: ARCTIC H.F. COMMUNICATIONS 76
CHAPTER 7. MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC 78
ABSTRACT 78
1. INTRODUCTION 78
2. LOGISTIC PROBLEMS 78
3. H.F. CIRCUITS 79
4. L.F. CIRCUITS 80
5. SCATTER CIRCUITS 80
6. OTHER METHODS 81
7. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 81
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS 81
CHAPTER 8. COMMUNICATIONS PROPAGATION TRIALS DURING THE BRITISH NORTH GREENLAND EXPEDITION OCTOBER 1952 TO JULY 1954 84
ABSTRACT 84
INTRODUCTION 84
COMMUNICATIONS TRIALS PROGRAMME 85
REPORTS AND COMMUNICATIONS MONITORING 85
V.L.F. RECEPTION 85
L.F. RECEPTION 86
M.F. RECEPTION 88
H.F. RECEPTION 88
ACCURACY OF PREDICTIONS 90
LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS 90
DISTURBED CONDITIONS 91
NOISE LEVELS IN HIGH LATITUDES 91
CONCLUSIONS 91
CHAPTER 9. POLAR COMMUNICATIONS 94
ABSTRACT 94
1. INTRODUCTION 94
2. POLE-TO-POLE CIRCUIT 96
3. EQUATOR TO POLE CIRCUIT 100
4. THULE-McMURDO CIRCUIT 103
5. ARCTIC-ANTARCTIC RADIO AMATEUR CONTACTS 105
6. CONCLUSIONS 106
REFERENCES 107
CHAPTER 10. RECEPTION OF MID-LATITUDE TRANSMISSIONS IN NORTHERN CANADA 108
ABSTRACT 108
1. INTRODUCTION 108
2. QUIET-DAY VARIATIONS 110
3. DISTURBED-DAY VARIATIONS 120
4. OUTAGE TIMES DURING DISTURBANCE 128
5. CONCLUSIONS 129
REFERENCES 130
CHAPTER 11. NOTE SUR UNE RETRODIFFUSION EN ZONE AURORALE 132
CHAPTER 12. RADIO NOISE PROBLEMS INARCTIC REGIONS 138
ABSTRACT 138
1. INTRODUCTION 138
2. ATMOSPHERIC RADIO NOISE 140
3. MAN-MADE NOISE 149
4. PRECIPITATION STATIC 152
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 155
REFERENCES 156
CHAPTER 13. POLAR RADIO NOISE 158
REFERENCE 160
CHAPTER 14. SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION 162
REFERENCES 164
PART 3: ANALYSIS OF SOUNDINGS AND FIELD STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS 166
CHAPTER 15. H.F. PROPAGATION IN THE ARCTIC 168
ABSTRACT 168
1. INTRODUCTION 168
2. AURORAL ZONE RIOMETER STATIONS AND H.F. CIRCUITS 169
3. OCCURRENCE OF AURORAL ABSORPTION 172
4. H.F. PROPAGATION DURING FLARE INDUCED DISTURBANCES 174
5. POINT-TO-POINT SOUNDING OBSERVATIONS DURING DISTURBANCES 175
6. GROUND-AIR SOUNDING OBSERVATIONS DURING DISTURBANCES 177
7. COMMUNICATIONS USING AURORAL SPORADIC E- AND DISTURBED F-LAYER MODES 180
8. ALTERNATE ROUTING DURING DISTURBANCES 182
9. SUMMARY ON OPTIMUM PATHS AND FREQUENCY SELECTION 185
10. FUTURE USE OF SOUNDERS FOR PREDICTION AND FORECASTING 185
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 186
REFERENCES 186
CHAPTER 16. BACKSCATTER OBSERVATIONS AT LINDAU-HARZ WITH VARIABLE FREQUENCY DIRECTED TO THE AURORAL ZONE 188
ABSTRACT 188
EQUIPMENT 188
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 188
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 189
CHAPTER 17. FIELD STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OVER A 2000 KM SUBAURORAL PATH (SODANKYLÄ-LINDAU) COMPARED WITH THE ABSORPTION OBSERVED AT THE TERMINALS 200
ABSTRACT 200
INTRODUCTION 200
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS 200
INTERPRETATION OF THE FIELD STRENGTH 202
SOME TESTS WITH THE E-LAYER ABSORPTION MODEL 204
RESULTS OF THE FIELD STRENGTH ANALYSIS 207
APPENDIX 210
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 213
REFERENCES 214
PART 4: OTHER METHODS 216
CHAPTER 18. OBSERVATIONS OF PHASE-INSTABILITIES ON A V.L.F. TRANSMISSION PATH PASSING THROUGH THE AURORAL ZONE 218
ABSTRACT 218
INTRODUCTION 218
EQUIPMENT 218
ANALYSIS 219
RESULTS 225
CONCLUSIONS 226
REFERENCES 226
CHAPTER 19. THE PHASE STABILITY OF V.L.F. SIGNALS ON POLAR PATHS 228
ABSTRACT 228
1. INTRODUCTION 228
2. STABILITY OF EQUIPMENT 228
3. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF SHAPE OF DIURNAL PHASE CURVE 230
4. PHASE STABILITY ON A TRAPEZOIDAL PATH 232
5. PHASE STABILITY ON ARCTIC PATHS 232
6. FUTURE WORK 242
REFERENCES 242
CHAPTER 20. EVOLUTION SAISONNIÈRE DE LA VARIATION DIURNE DE LA PHASE DES ONDES MYRIAMÉTRIQUES TRAVERSANT DES RÉGIONS ARCTIQUES 244
SOMMAIRE 244
ABSTRACT 244
CHAPTER 21. VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION AT HIGH LATITUDES 248
ABSTRACT 248
1. INTRODUCTION 249
2. TIME VARIATIONS OF THE NORMAL PROPAGATION CONDITIONS FOR THE 16 KC/S TRANSMISSIONS BETWEEN RUGBY AND KIRUNA 249
3. INTERPRETATION IN TERMS OF A FIRST-ORDER MODE THEORY 258
4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 262
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 264
REFERENCES 264
CHAPTER 22. V.H.F.-BISTATIC-AURORA COMMUNICATIONS AS A FUNCTION OF GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY AND MAGNETIC LATITUDE 266
ABSTRACT 266
1. INTRODUCTION 266
2. THE NET OF OBSERVING STATIONS 267
3. INFLUENCE OF GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MAGNETIC LATITUDES 268
4. AN ATTEMPT TO INTERPRET THE RESULTS 272
5. CONCLUSIONS 274
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 274
REFERENCES 275
PART 5: OBSERVATIONS DURING NUCLEAR TESTS 276
CHAPTER 23. OBSERVATIONS MADE BY THE IONOSPHERIC INSTITUTE OF ATHENS DURING THE SERIES OF NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTS AT NOVAJA ZEMLYA BETWEEN 10 SEPTEMBER AND 4 NOVEMBER 1961 278
ABSTRACT 278
1. EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES 278
2. THE NUCLEAR EXPLOSION OF 23 OCTOBER 1961 279
3. RIOMETER OBSERVATIONS 282
4. THE NUCLEAR EXPLOSION OF 30 OCTOBER 1961 282
5. IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS ON EFFECT OF THE EXPLOSION OF 30 OCTOBER 286
6. RIOMETER OBSERVATIONS ON 30 AND 31 OCTOBER 289
7. RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT 290
REFERENCES 291
CHAPTER 24. OBSERVATION DES PERTURBATIONS IONOSPHÉRIQUES PROVOQUÉES PAR LES EXPLOSIONS NUCLEAIRES 294
SOMMAIRE 294
ABSTRACT 294
IV. CONCLUSIONS 304
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 305
CHAPTER 25. CONCLUDING REMARKS 306
INDEX 308

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Luft- / Raumfahrttechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-5032-1 / 1483150321
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-5032-1 / 9781483150321