Permafrost Soils (eBook)

Rosa Margesin (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2009
XIV, 348 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-69371-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Most of the Earth's biosphere is characterized by low temperatures. Vast areas (>20%) of the soil ecosystem are permanently frozen or are unfrozen for only a few weeks in summer. Permafrost regions occur at high latitudes and also at high ele- tions; a significant part of the global permafrost area is represented by mountains. Permafrost soils are of global interest, since a significant increase in temperature is predicted for polar regions. Global warming will have a great impact on these soils, especially in northern regions, since they contain large amounts of organic carbon and act as carbon sinks, and a temperature increase will result in a release of carbon into the atmosphere. Additionally, the intensified release of the clima- relevant tracer gas methane represents a potential environmental harzard. Significant numbers of viable microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, p- totrophic cyanobacteria and green algae, fungi and protozoa, are present in per- frost, and the characteristics of these microorganisms reflect the unique and extreme conditions of the permafrost environment. Remarkably, these microorg- isms have been reported to be metabolically active at subzero temperatures, even down to ?20°C.

Inhalt

Geological, Chemical and Physical Properties of Permafrost.- Arctic Permafrost Soils.- Antarctic Permafrost Soils.- Mountain Permafrost.- Biodiversity in Permafrost.- Very Old DNA.- Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity in Permafrost.- Viable Cyanobacteria and Green Algae from the Permafrost Darkness.- Fungi in Permafrost.- Ancient Protozoa Isolated from Permafrost.- Biological Activity in Permafrost.- Microbial Activity in Frozen Soils.- Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox).- Genomic Insights into Cold Adaptation of Permafrost Bacteria.- Proteomic Insights: Cryoadaptation of Permafrost Bacteria.- Impact of Global Warming On Permafrost Properties.- Global Warming and Thermokarst.- Global Warming and Mountain Permafrost.- Global Warming and Carbon Dynamics in Permafrost Soils: Methane Production and Oxidation.- Global Warming and Dissolved Organic Carbon Release from Permafrost Soils.- Climate Change and Foundations of Buildings in Permafrost Regions.- Contaminants in Frozen Ground.- Migration of Petroleum in Permafrost-Affected Regions.- Remediation of Frozen Ground Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons: Feasibility and Limits.- Application of Reactive Barriers Operated in Frozen Ground.- Permafrost on Earth – A Model for Extraterrestrial Habitats.- Terrestrial Permafrost Models and Analogues of Martian Habitats and Inhabitants.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.10.2008
• Reihe/Serie: Soil Biology
• Reihe/Serie: Soil Biology
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 348 p. 78 illus., 4 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Astronomie / Astrophysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: biodiversity • climate change • Cold Adaptation • ecosystem • Extraterrestrial habitats • geomorphology • global warming • microbial communities • Microorganism • permafrost • Soil
• ISBN-10: 3-540-69371-8 / 3540693718
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-69371-0 / 9783540693710