Human Physical Fitness and Activity

An Evolutionary and Life History Perspective

Ann E. Caldwell (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

XX, 89 Seiten

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-30407-6 (ISBN)

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The science of human physical activity and fitness is ripefor a novel theoretical framework that can integrate the ecological, genetic,physiological and psychological factors that influence physical activity inhumans. Physical inactivity dominates most developed nations around theworld, and is among the leading causes of disease burden and death worldwide. Despitethe wide array of physical and mental health benefits, few people get therecommended level of physical activity to achieve these benefits. Currentresearch on physical activity has not, as of yet, been successful for thedevelopment of effective exercise interventions. Several researchers haveadvocated a more integrative approach that takes evolutionary history intoaccount, but such a framework has yet to be advanced. To that aim, the firstgoal of this book is to present a comprehensive evolutionary and life historyframework that highlights the domain-specific aspects of the evolved psychologyand physiology that can lead to a more integrated and complete understanding ofphysical activity across the lifespan. It summarizes and extends previous workthat has been done to understand the ways natural selection has shaped physicalactivity in humans in traditional and modern economies and environments. In many ways, humans are adaptedto be physically active. Overall, however, natural selection has shaped aflexible, but energy conscious system that responds to environmental andindividual costs and benefits of physical activity to optimally allocate afinite energetic budget across the lifespan. This system is adapted to respondto cues of resource scarcity and high levels of obligatory physical activity, andconserves energy to favor allocation in ways that increase the likelihood ofreproductive success and survival. This nuanced application leads to a morethorough understanding of the circumstances that natural selection is predictedto favor both sedentary and active behaviors in predictable ways across thelifespan.

The second goal of this book is to synthesizeand interpret cross-disciplinary research (from biological and evolutionaryanthropology and psychology; epidemiology; health psychology; and exercisephysiology) that can illuminate original approaches to increase physicalactivity in modern, primarily sedentary contexts. This includes a breakdown ofthe human lifespan to discuss the predicted costs and benefits of physicalactivity at each stage of life in order to differentiate the obstacles tophysical activity and exercise that are functionally adaptive-or were in theenvironments that they evolved-and identifying which factors are moremodifiable than others in order to develop interventions and environments thatare more conducive to physical activity. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi

Ann Caldwell received her PhD in evolutionary psychology with distinction from the University of New Mexico in 2013. Her areas of research also include evolutionary anthropology and health psychology. She will hold a postdoctoral research position in the Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology in the Department of Anthropology at Emory University beginning in 2014.

1 - Advantages ofevolutionary theory for understanding physical activity.- 2 - Physical activityand life history theory.- 3 - Phylogeny and physical fitness and activity.- 4 -Physical activity and energy expenditure in humans.- Section II: Physicalactivity through the lifespan in light of life history theory.- 5 - Fetaldevelopment and infancy.- 6 - Energetic trade-offs and physical activity duringchildhood and adolescence.- 7 - Physical activity and reproductive ecologyin adults Section III: Summary of proximate mechanisms, an integratedevolutionary model and applications.- 8 - Proximate mechanisms:Psychology, Neuroendocrine System and Central Nervous System.- 9 - Summaryand conclusions.

Erscheinungsdatum	08.10.2016
Reihe/Serie	Human Behavior, Biology and Evolution
Reihe/Serie	SpringerBriefs in Anthropology
Zusatzinfo	XX, 89 p. 7 illus., 2 illus. in color.
Verlagsort	Cham
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Themenwelt	Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Evolution
	Sozialwissenschaften ► Ethnologie
	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
Schlagworte	Anthropology • evolutionary biology • Evolution of physical activity behavior • Human physical activity patterns across lifespan • Mental and physical health benefits of physical fi • Mental and physical health benefits of physical fitness • Physical activity among traditional populations • Public Health • Sedentary behavior and chronic disorders • Sex specific costs and benefits of fitness • Social Sciences
ISBN-10	3-319-30407-0 / 3319304070
ISBN-13	978-3-319-30407-6 / 9783319304076
Zustand	Neuware