Intersol Eighty Five (eBook)

Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Congress of the International Solar Energy Society

E. Bilgen (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
2744 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9411-7 (ISBN)

Infos

These volumes bring together, from all over the world, papers from specialists working in all the diverse forms of energy derived from the sun. Experts in all fields of research in solar and renewable energy have also contributed an added feature: the latest research and developments in related areas such as wind energy, biomass, photovoltaics and energy conversion. Emphasis is placed on the many solutions solar and renewable energy offers to the global energy problem, and the different ways of combining solar and renewable energy to solve these problems. The work should stimulate readers to consider the broader horizons of renewable energy, energy conservation and the impact of new technologies on society...from the small remote village to the modern metropolis.

Inhalt

Vol 1 1
Front Cover 1
Intersol 85 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 18
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7
INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY 8
SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY OF CANADA INC 12
FOREWORD 14
GENERAL CONTENTS TO THE PROCEEDINGS 16
CHAPTER 1. SPECIAL ADDRESSES, KEYNOTE AND THEME PAPERS 28
OPENING ADDRESS 30
BANQUET ADDRESS 33
The Farrington Daniels Address TWENTY TEN 37
RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT 45
REFERENCES 49
VOLTERRA EQUATIONS OF COMPETITION 50
FAUT-IL ATTENDRE LA PANNE? 54
LE CHOC PETROLIER 54
APRES LA PEUR, LE SURSIS 55
DES ERREURS PAYANTES 56
DES SOLUTIONS AUX PROBLEMES 56
LA RECHERCHE EST LA CLÉ DU SUCCÈS 57
CE POTENTIEL NE DOIT PAS DORMIR 57
SOLAR ENERGY - A DIVERSE SOLUTION 59
CHAPTER 2. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS 66
CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING 68
ABSTRACT 68
INTRODUCTION 68
TEN YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SOLAR SPACE CONDITIONING 69
SOLAR SPACE HEATING—TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS 72
SOLAR WATER HEATING: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS 75
ANALYZING THE GAP 77
RECOMMENDATIONS 80
CONCLUSION 82
Experimental performance of the second generation solar heating system in the solar house of the Eindhoven University of Technology 83
ABSTRACT 83
KEYWORDS 83
PROJECT DESCRIPTION 83
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 84
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCES 84
COLLECTOR ARRAY PERFORMANCE 84
SUPPLY AND LOAD 87
REFERENCE 87
THE LYCKEBO PROJECT A SWEDISH CENTRAL SOLAR HEATING PLANT WITH SEASONAL STORAGE 88
ABSTRACT 88
KEY WORDS 88
INTRODUCTION 88
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND ECONOMY 89
THERMAL PERFORMANCE 90
CONCLUSIONS 92
REFERENCES 92
TECHNICAL AMD ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF CENTRAL SOLAS HEATING PLANTS WITH SEASONAL STORAGE 93
ABSTRACT 93
KEYWORDS 93
INTRODUCTION 93
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 94
RESULTS 95
CONCLUSIONS 98
REFERENCES 99
MONITORED PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM WITH ANNUAL HEAT STORAGE - THE AYLMER SENIOR CITIZENS' APARTMENT 100
ABSTRACT 100
KEYWORDS 100
INTRODUCTION 100
THE BUILDING AND THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 100
HISTORY OF OPERATION 101
BUILDING AND SOLAR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 102
CONCLUSION 104
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 104
REFERENCES 104
POSTSCRIPT 104
GENERAL STUDY OF AN ACTIVE SOLAR SYSTEM WITH A LONG TERM HEAT STORAGE IN THE SOIL 105
ABSTRACT 105
KEYWORDS 105
INTRODUCTION 105
MODEL DESCRIPTION 106
RESULTS 106
CONCLUSIONS 108
REFERENCES 109
DIRECT SOLAR HEATING FLOOR OR INTERMEDIATE WATER TANK STORAGE? ANSWER, FROM THE SOLAR BUILDING OF BOURGOIN-JALLIEU (FRANCE) 110
ABSTRACT 110
KEYWORDS 110
A Rockbed and Floor Space Heating System 115
ABSTRACT 115
KEYWORDS 115
INTRODUCTION 115
HOUSE TEMPERATURE DECAY 116
CHARGING THE ROCKBED 116
THE DISCHARGING ROCKBED 117
CONCLUSIONS 118
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 118
REFERENCES 118
NOMENCLATURE 118
OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY APPLIED TO DWELLING HEATING SYSTEM 120
ABSTRACT 120
KEYWORDS 120
INTRODUCTION 120
METHODOLOGY 121
OPTIMAL CONTROL EVALUATION 122
COMPARISON SIMULATIONS 123
CONCLUSION 124
REFERENCES 124
VARIABLE VOLUME, VARIABLE FLOW RATE, RADIATION CONTROLLED SOLAR HEATING AND STORAGE 125
ABSTRACT 125
KEYWORDS 125
NTRODUCTION 125
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 125
RADIATION CONTROL 129
INSTALLATION AT BOURNVILLE 129
REFERENCES 129
PERFORMANCE OF PASSIVE SOLAR SYSTEMS IN A COLD CLIMATE 130
ABSTRACT 130
THE TEST FACILITY 130
PERFORMANCE FACTORS 131
PERFORMANCE OF DIRECT-GAIN UNITS 131
PERFORMANCE OF MASS-WALL UNIT 132
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN MASS-WALL AND DIRECT-GAIN SYSTEMS 133
CONCLUSIONS 134
REFERENCES 134
COMPARISON OF SIX PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN IDENTICAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 136
ABSTRACT 136
KEYWORDS 136
INTRODUCTION 136
RESULTS 138
CONCLUSIONS 140
REFERENCES 140
PERFORMANCE AND MODELLING OF A PASSIVE SOLAR RESIDENCE IN PORTUGAL 141
ABSTRACT 141
KEYWORDS 141
INTRODUCTION 141
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION 142
SOLAR HEATING CONTRIBUTION 144
CONCLUSIONS 145
REFERENCES 145
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF COLLECTOR STORAGE WALLS, ATTACHED SUNSPACES AND DIRECT GAIN SYSTEMS IN TEMPERATE AUSTRALIA 146
ABSTRACT 146
KEYWORDS 146
INTRODUCTION 146
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 147
DETAILS OF THE SIMULATIONS 147
RESULTS 149
CONCLUSION 151
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 152
REFERENCES 152
MEASURED ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A LOW-ENERGY PASSIVE SOLAR TOWNHOUSE COMPLEX 153
ABSTRACT 153
KEY WORDS 153
INTRODUCTION 153
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 154
DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING 155
RESULTS OF MONITORING 155
DISCUSSION 156
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 157
REFERENCES 157
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE SURFACE TROMBE WALLS WITH TRADITIONAL THERMAL MASS 158
ABSTRACT 158
KEYWORDS 158
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 158
RESULTS 159
CONCLUSIONS 159
REFERENCES 160
PREDICTED PERFORMANCE OF EAST-WEST AND SINGLE-ASPECT PASSIVE SOLAR HOUSE MODELS IN SCOTLAND 163
ABSTRACT 163
KEYWORDS 163
INTRODUCTION 163
METHODOLOGY 163
RESULTS 165
CONCLUSIONS 167
REFERENCES 167
OPTIMIZATION OF CONSERVATION AND PASSIVE SOLAR IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 168
ABSTRACT 168
KEYWORDS 168
INTRODUCTION 168
METHODOLOGY 169
RESULTS 171
CONCLUSIONS 171
REFERENCES 172
Design, Construction, Simulation, and Economics of a Super-Solar Building 173
ABSTRACT 173
KEYWORDS 173
INTRODUCTION 173
BUILDING DESIGN 175
MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE 176
SIMPLIFIED MICROCOMPUTER SIMULATION 176
ECONOMICS 177
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 177
REFERENCES 177
THERMAL REGULATION OF ATTACHED SOLAR SPACES 178
ABSTRACT 178
KEYWORDS 178
INTRODUCTION 178
DESIGN 179
EXPERIMENTAL 181
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 181
REFERENCES 182
Components for Active Residential Heating and DHW systems 183
ABSTRACT 183
KEYWORDS 183
INTRODUCTION 183
OPERATING CONDITIONS IN SOLAR SYSTEMS 184
THE WAY TO GO 185
PUTTING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE 185
CONCLUSIONS 186
REFERENCES 187
A COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A TWO PASS SOLAR AIR HEATER WITH CONVENTIONAL DESIGNS 188
ABSTRACT 188
KEYWORDS 188
INTRODUCTION 188
AIR HEATERS 189
DATA COLLECTION 190
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 191
REFERENCES 192
SUMMER-WINTER SWIMMING POOL 193
ABSTRACT 193
PASSIVE ENERGY SAVING CHARACTERISTICS 193
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 195
THERMAL PERFORMANCES 197
GENERAL RESULTS 197
REFERENCES 197
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEATED SWIMMING POOL 198
ABSTRACT 198
KEYWORDS 198
INTRODUCTION 198
OPERATING PROBLEMS 199
RESULTS 199
CONCLUSION 202
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 202
REFERENCES 202
SOLAR AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEM -HORSENS SWIMMING BATH IN DENMARK 203
1. Introduction 203
2. Structure of the Solar System and Heat Pump System 203
3. Operating strategy 204
4. Investments 206
5. Expected Energy Saving 206
6. Energy Saving Measured 206
7. Operations Experience 207
8. Conclusion 208
HYBRID DESIGN OF SOLARCOOKERS - APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE FOR DOMESTIC FUEL RELEVENT TO THIRD WORLD 209
ABSTRACT 209
KEYWORDS 209
INTRODUCTION 209
OBJECTIVES 211
METHODOLOGY 211
CONCLUSION 213
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 213
REFERENCES 213
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF RURAL SOLAR COOKER 214
ABSTRACT 214
KEYWORDS 214
INTRODUCTION 214
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 215
REFERENCES 216
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 216
A MODULAR APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION USING TROMBE-MICHEL WALL ELEMENTS 224
INTRODUCTION 224
METHODOLOGY 224
INDICATIVE THERMAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS 225
CONCLUSIONS 225
REFERENCES 226
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 226
SOLID STATE HEAT DIODE 230
ABSTRACT 230
KEYWORDS 230
OBJECTIVES 230
METHODOLOGY AND TESTING 231
CONCLUSION 234
REFERENCES 234
METAL-PCM COMPOSITE THERMAL STORAGE PANEL: TEST RESULTS 235
ABSTRACT 235
KEYWORDS 235
INTRODUCTION 235
PROTOTYPE METAL-PCM TEST PANEL 236
TEST PROCEDURE 238
TEST RESULTS 238
DISCUSSION 238
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 239
REFERENCES 239
A SELF-ACTUATING BACKDRAFT DAMPER FOR PASSIVE SOLAR APPLICATIONS 240
ABSTRACT 240
KEYWORDS 240
INTRODUCTION 240
OBJECTIVES 241
DAMPER DESIGN 241
TEST APPARATUS 242
RESULTS 242
DISCUSSION 243
CONCLUSIONS 244
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 244
REFERENCES 244
REGULATION DE LA TEMPERATURE PAR EMMAGASINAGE THERMIQUE DANS LES MURS ETUDE DE FAISABILITE PRELIMINAIRE 245
ABSTRACT 245
KEYWORDS 245
INTRODUCTION 245
CHOIX DU MCP 246
VOLUME DE PLATRE A REMPLACER PAR DU MCP 246
ENCAPSULATION DU MCP 246
INCORPORATION DES CAPSULES AUX PLAQUES DE PLATRE 248
PROPRIETES THERMIQUES DES PLAQUES DE PLATRE AVEC MCP 248
CONCLUSION 248
REMERCIEMENTS 249
REFERENCES 249
AEROGEL: A TRANSPARENT INSULATOR FOR SOLAR APPLICATIONS 250
ABSTRACT 250
KEYWORDS 250
INTRODUCTION 250
PREPARATION OF AEROGEL 251
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 252
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 255
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 255
REFERENCES 255
COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF GLAZING SYSTEMS 256
ABSTRACT 256
INTRODUCTION 256
THE COMPUTER PROGRAM "VISION" 257
SIMPLE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON METHOD 257
COMPARISON OF GLAZING SYSTEMS 258
CONCLUSIONS 259
REFERENCES 259
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR SUNSPACE BUFFER ZONES IN SCOTTISH HOUSING 261
ABSTRACT 261
KEYWORDS 261
INTRODUCTION 261
METHODOLOGY 261
RESULTS 263
CONCLUSIONS 264
REFERENCES 264
INFLUENCE OF AIR CONVECTION ON THERMAL RESISTANCE OF MOVABLE INSULATION FOR WINDOWS 266
ABSTRACT 266
KEYWORDS 266
GOALS AND APPARATUS 266
POLYETHYLENE BLIND 267
POLYSTYRENE SHUTTER 267
INSULATING DEVICE INSIDE THE GLAZING 268
COMPUTER SIMULATION 269
CONDENSATION AND FROST 269
CONCLUSION 270
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 270
REFERENCES 270
EVALUATION DE LA PUISSANCE DE CHAUFFAGE APPELEE DANS UN HABITAT SOLAIRE PASSIF 271
RESUME 271
MOTS-CLES 271
ABSTRACT 271
KEYWORDS 271
I- PROBLEMATIQUE 271
II- METHODOLOGIE 272
III- DESCRIPTIF DES DONNEES DE SIMULATION 273
IV - RESULTATS 273
V- CONCLUSION: DlMENSIONNEMENT NOMINAL D'UN GENERATEUR DE CHALEUR 275
THE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVINGS FROM LANDSCAPING AND SHELTER 276
ABSTRACT 276
KEYWORDS 276
BACKGROUND 276
POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS 277
SHELTER BELT DESIGN 279
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 280
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 280
REFERENCES 280
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD for DETERMINING BELOW GRADE HEAT LOSS 281
ABSTRACT 281
KEYWORDS 281
DETERMINATION of the F-FACTORS 281
USE of the METHOD 283
ADJUSTMENTS TO THE METHOD 285
EXAMPLE 286
SUMMARY 287
References 288
WALL THERMAL SIMULATION OF ROOMS USING INTEGRAL INFLUENCE FUNCTION METHOD 289
ABSTRACT 289
KEYWORDS 289
INTRODUCTION 289
EXPERIMENTATION 289
RESULTS 290
CONCLUSION 292
REFERENCES 293
THE COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SUPER WINDOW GLAZING SYSTEMS WHICH INCORPORATE TEFLON (FEP) INNER GLAZINGS 294
ABSTRACT 294
KEYWORDS 294
INTRODUCTION 294
OPTICAL PROPERTIES 295
SIMULATION RESULTS 295
HEATING SEASON NET ENERGY BALANCE 297
DISCUSSION 298
REFERENCES 298
NATURAL VENTILATION BETWEEN ADJACENT ROOMS IN PASSIVE HEATING 299
ABSTRACT 299
KEYWORDS 299
INTRODUCTION 299
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 299
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 300
THEORETICAL RESULTS 301
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 302
CONCLUSIONS 303
REFERENCES 303
HEAT DISTRIBUTION BY NATURAL CONVECTION 304
ABSTRACT 304
INTRODUCTION 304
NATURE OF NATURAL CONVECTION THROUGH APERTURES 304
NATURAL CONVECTIVE LOOPS 306
GENERALIZATIONS BASED ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 306
REFERENCE 307
NATURAL CONVECTION IN A TEST CELL - THE USE OF A REDUCED SCALE MODEL 309
ABSTRACT 309
KEYWORDS 309
INTRODUCTION 309
CONCLUSION 313
REFERENCE 313
NOTATIONS 313
TEST CELLS FOR PASSIVE SOLAR COMPONENTS 314
ABSTRACT 314
KEYWORDS 314
INTRODUCTION 314
TESTING METHODOLOGY 314
DESCRIPTION OF THE INDOOR TEST CELL 315
WEATHER SIMULATION 316
RESULTS 316
CONCLUSIONS 316
REFERENCES 317
ENHANCEMENTS TO THE DEROB-IUA 1,0 BUILDING THERMAL SIMULATION PROGRAM FOR THE HANDLING OF TROMBE-MICHEL WALLS 319
ABSTRACT 319
KEYWORDS 319
BACKGROUND 319
THE TROMBE-MICHEL WALL 320
MASS-FLOW 320
CONVECTION HANDLING 321
IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE 322
CONCLUSIONS 323
REFERENCES 323
A METHOD TO ASSESS VISUAL AND ENERGETIC PERFORMANCES OF NATURAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS 324
ABSTRACT 324
KEYWORDS 324
INTRODUCTION 324
METHODOLOGY 325
DESIGN OF SCALE MODELS 325
EXPERIMENT 326
SIMULATION 326
RESULTS 327
CONCLUSION 328
REFERENCES 328
A DEMONSTRATION OF ILLUMINATION WITH SUNLIGHT DISTRIBUTED IN LIGHT PIPES 329
ABSTRACT 329
KEYWORDS 329
INTRODUCTION 329
THE PRISM LIGHT GUIDE 330
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 331
B.C. RESEARCH INSTALLATION 332
N.R.C. INSTALLATION 332
CONCLUSIONS 335
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 335
REFERENCES 336
IS IT NECESSARY TO TAKE INFRA-RED RADIATION INTO ACCOUNT FOR COMFORT SIMULATIONS ? 337
ABSTRACT 337
KEYWORDS 337
INTRODUCTION 337
THE MODEL 338
RESULTS 340
CONCLUSION 341
REFERENCES 341
LE CONCEPT DE PERFORMANCE THERMIQUE DES BATIMENTS LA DUALITE ENERGIE-CONFORT 342
RESUME 342
MOTS CLES 342
INTRODUCTION 342
ELABORATION DE L'INDICE DE QUALITE µc 343
REMARQUE SUR L'INDICE DE QUALITE µc 344
UN EXEMPLE D'APPLICATION 344
CONCLUSION 345
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 345
INDOOR CLIMATE IN NEW ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-UNIT BUILDINGS, ONE PART OF THE "STOCKHOLM PROJEKT" EVALUATION- A FULL SCALE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 347
ABSTRACT 347
KEYWORLDS 347
INTRODUCTION 347
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 348
METHODOLOGY 350
CONCLUSIONS 350
REFERENCES 351
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION OF OVERHEATING IN SOLAR HOMES 352
ABSTRACT 352
KEYWORDS 352
INTRODUCTION 352
RESULTS 353
CONCLUSIONS 354
REFERENCES 356
ANCIENT GREEK SOLAR ARCHITECTURE: LESSONS FOR TODAY'S ARCHITECTS 357
ABSTRACT 357
KEYWORDS 357
INTRODUCTION 357
OLYNTHUS: PLANNED, DENSELY POPULATED CITY/FLAT TERRAIN 358
PRIENE: PLANNED, DENSELY POPULATED CITY/HILLY TERRAIN 358
ATHENS: UNPLANNED, DENSELY POPULATED CITY/MANAGEABLE TERRAIN 359
DELOS: UNPLANNED, DENSELY POPULATED CITY/RUGGED TERRAIN 359
DEMA: RURAL SITE/LEVEL TERRAIN 359
VARI: RURAL SITE/HILLY TERRAIN 359
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 360
REFERENCES 360
ENERGY AND THE VERNACULAR: THE EVOLUTION OF AN ARCHETYPE 362
ABSTRACT 362
KEYWORDS 362
INTRODUCTION 362
EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHETYPE 363
THE JOHNSON HOUSE 363
CONCLUSION 366
REFERENCES 366
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 366
ARCHITECTURAL DIVERSITY THROUGH CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN 367
ABSTRACT 367
INTRODUCTION 367
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 368
PRESENTATION 368
DESIGN SYSTEMS 369
ACCESS TO THE SUN AND WIND: THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE CITY 371
ABSTRACT 371
KEYWORDS 371
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 371
CITY GRID OBSERVATIONS 372
CONCLUSIONS 375
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 375
REFERENCES 375
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN VALIDATION OF SIMPLIFIED METHODS FOR SOLAR SPACE HEATING 376
ABSTRACT 376
KEYWORDS 376
INTRODUCTION 376
PREVIOUS VALIDATION WORK 376
SCOPE OF PRESENT PAPER 377
IMPROVEMENTS IN ESM 378
SPACE HEATING 378
COMBINED SH + DHW SYSTEMS (IN EUROPE) 379
DHW SYSTEMS (IN EUROPE) 379
HANDBOOK, USER' GUIDE, SOFTWARE 380
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 380
OPENSOL: LOGICIEL D'OPTIMISATION DU DIMENSIONNEMENT ET DE LA COMMANDE DES SYSTEMES DE CHAUFFAGE COMPLEXES COMPORTANT UN STOCKAGE DE CHALEUR A LONG TERME 381
RESUME 381
MOTS-CLES 381
INTRODUCTION 381
DESCRIPTION DU PROBLEME ET STRUCTURATION DES TACHES: OPENSYS 382
LE LOGICIEL OPENDIM 383
CONCLUSION 385
REFERENCES 385
DESIGN CHARTS FOR ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS 386
ABSTRACT 386
KEYWORDS 386
INTRODUCTION 386
MODELLING AND SIMULATION 387
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL DESIGN CHARTS 387
APPLICATION AND EVALUATION OF DESIGN CHARTS 388
CONCLUSION 389
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 389
REFERENCES 389
MARKOVIAN STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF PASSIVE AND HYBRID SOLAR DEVICES 391
ABSTRACT 391
INTRODUCTION 391
MARKOVIAN STOCHASTIC MODEL 392
MARKOVIAN SIMULATION RESULTS 394
CONCLUSIONS 395
REFERENCES 395
ETUDE DES MECANISMES DE TRANSFERT DE LA CHALEUR DANS UN SYSTEME DE CHAUFFE-EAU SOLAIRE A CHANGEMENT DE PHASE 396
RESUME 396
ABSTRACT 396
MOTS CLES 396
INTRODUCTION 396
DESCRIPTION DU SYSTEME 397
MECANISMES DE TRANSFERT 397
MODELE NUMERIQUE 399
CONCLUSION 400
REFERENCES 400
RESULTS OF DESIGN TOOL EVALUATIONS FOR PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN 401
ABSTRACT 401
KEYWORDS 401
INTRODUCTION 401
RESULTS OF DESIGN TOOL EVALUATION 402
DISCUSSION 402
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS 403
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 403
REFERENCES 403
ARCHIPAK an integrated design tool for small solar buildings 406
ABSTRACT 406
KEYWORDS 406
REASONS 406
SPECIFICATIONS FOR A TOOL 406
THE GRADUAL METHOD 407
PRE-DESIGN ANALYSIS (PREDESAN) 407
SKETCH DESIGN (INIT-DES) 408
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT (DESDEVEL) 409
CONCLUSION 410
REFERENCES 410
A HEURISTIC BUILDING THERMAL DESIGN AID FOR THE SKETCH AND DETAILED PHASES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS 411
ABSTRACT 411
KEYWORDS 411
ENERGY DESIGN TECHNIQUE 411
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 412
REFERENCES 415
ENHANCEMENTS IN THE DEROB-IUA 1,0 BUILDING THERMAL SIMULATION CODING TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VALIDATION EXERCISES 416
ABSTRACT 416
KEYWORDS 416
BACKGROUND 416
ASSOCIATING EXPERIMENTAL DATA BASES WITH DEROB 416
SETTING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE R-C NETWORK 417
DIAGNOSING CONVERGENCE PROBLEMS 418
IMPLEMENTATION 419
SAVE VOLUME SURFACE 419
CONCLUSIONS 420
REFERENCES 420
SIMPLIFICATION OF WEATHER DATA TO EVALUATE DAILY AND MONTHLY ENERGY NEEDS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 421
ABSTRACT 421
KEYWORDS 422
INTRODUCTION 422
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING 422
WEATHER DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE ANALYSES 423
ENERGY ANALYSES AND PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS 423
CONCLUSIONS 424
LES LOGICIELS CASAMO D'AIDE A LA CONCEPTION THERMIQUE DES BATIMENTS - CASAMO-CONFORT 426
ABSTRACT 426
KEYWORDS 426
1. OBJECTIFS 426
2 - BESOINS DE CHAUFFAGE ET CONSOMMATIONS 427
3 - CONFORT THERMIQUE 427
CONCLUSION 431
REFERENCES 432
SOUTIEN FINANCIER 432
UN LOGICIEL SUR MICRO-ORDINATEUR POUR LA CONCEPTION THERMIQUE DES BATIMENTS EN CLIMAT TROPICAL SEC. APPLICATION AU SENEGAL 433
ABSTRACT 433
KEYWORDS 433
1 - OBJECTIFS 433
2 - ENTREES ET FONCTIONS DU LOGICIEL 434
3 - QUALITES D'USAGE 435
4 - LE MODELE DE CALCUL 435
EXEMPLES DE SORTIES DU LOGICIEL 435
CONCLUSION 438
REFERENCES 438
LA FORMULATION DE L'EFFICACITE SOLAIRE MOYENNE D'UN LOGEMENT 439
1 - ANALYSE RAPIDE DES VARIABLES UTILISEES DANS LES MODELES SIMPLIFIES CONCERNANT LES SYSTEMES SOLAIRES ACTIFS OU PASSIFS 439
2 - FORMULATION DE L'EFFICACITE SOLAIRE MOYENNE D'UN LOGEMENT 440
3 - SENSIBILITE DE L'EFFICACITE SOLAIRE MOYENNE D'UN LOGE-MENT A SES CARACTERISTIQUES PHYSIQUES 441
EFFECTIVE SOLAR U-VALUES OF WALLS, WINDOWS AND FACADES BASED ON A SOLAR SAVINGS CORRELATION 444
ABSTRACT 444
KEYWORDS 444
DEGREE DAY METHOD AND SOLAR GAIN 444
SOLAR U-VALUES 445
FRACTIONAL UTILIZATION, FRACTIONAL SAVINGS AND SOLAR LOAD RATIO 446
SOLAR GAIN BY FACADES 447
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE AND BUILDING 448
CONCLUSIONS 450
NOMENCLATURE 451
REFERENCES 451
DETERMINING THE RATE OF SOLAR IRRADIATION IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 452
ABSTRACT 452
KEYWORDS 452
INTRODUCTION 452
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM 453
OBJECTIVES 453
METHODOLOGY 454
EXAMPLE OF A "PLOT" 455
CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS 456
REFERENCES 456
EFFICIENT METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SOLAR RADIATION ABSORBED BY EACH ROOM INTERIOR SURFACE, AND EFFECTS 457
ABSTRACT 457
KEY-WORDS 457
MODEL AND METHOD 457
ALGORITHM 459
SAMPLE RESULTS 460
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 461
REFERENCES 461
APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF ABSORPTION FACTORS Fd(i, j) 461
SYSTEM-THEORETIC APPROACH OF STOCHASTIC MODELLING OF PASSIVE BUILDING THERMAL PERFORMANCE 462
ABSTRACT 462
KEYWORDS 462
INTRODUCTION 462
MODEL DEVELOPMENT 462
STOCHASTIC MODELLING OF THE DIRECT GAIN HOUSE 465
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 465
REFERENCES 466
A SELF-PUMPING VAPOR SYSTEM FOR HYBRID SPACE HEATING 467
ABSTRACT 467
KEYWORDS 467
DESCRIPTION OF THE SELF-PUMPING SYSTEM 467
TESTS OF THE TWO-ACCUMULATOR SYSTEM 468
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS 469
NOMENCLATURE 471
REFERENCES 471
ACTIVE CHARGE/PASSIVE DISCHARGE ARCHITECTURALLY INTEGRATED SOLAR SPACE HEATING SYSTEM 472
ABSTRACT 472
KEYWORDS 472
INTRODUCTION 472
DESIGN CONCEPTS 473
RESULTS 475
CONCLUSION 477
REFERENCES 477
LES MAISONS SOLAIRES DE BASSENS. INTERACTIONS ENTRE SYSTEMES SOLAIRES ACTIFS ET PASSIFS 478
RESUME 478
MOTS CLES 478
INTRODUCTION 478
METHODOLOGIE 479
RESULTATS PRESENTES 479
CONCLUSIONS 482
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 482
A UNIQUE HYBRID SOLAR HOME'S ACTUAL AND THEORETICAL THERMAL PERFORMANCE COMPARED 483
ABSTRACT 483
KEYWORDS 483
OBJECTIVES 483
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 483
RESULTS 485
REFERENCES 487
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A HYBRID SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM HAVING A RADIANT PANEL SLAB 488
ABSTRACT 488
KEYWORDS 488
INTRODUCTION 488
METHOD 489
RESULTS 491
CONCLUSIONS 492
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 492
REFERENCES 492
GESTION OPTIMALE DU CHAUFFAGE D'APPOINT D'UN HABITAT SOLAIRE A GAIN DIRECT 493
RESUME 493
MOTS CLEFS 493
INTRODUCTION 493
PROBLEME DE COMMANDE OPTIMALE 494
RESULTATS 495
CONCLUSION 496
REMERCIEMENTS 497
REFERENCES 497
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 498
ABSTRACT 498
KEYWORDS 498
INTRODUCTION 498
THE DISTRICT HEATING STATION 499
THE DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK 500
HOUSE INSTALLATIONS 500
SIZES OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 500
EXPECTED OPERATING RESULTS 502
EVALUTION AND TESTING OF NEBRASKA MODIFIED ROOF POND FOR SEVERE HEATING AND COOLING ENVIRONMENTS 503
ABSTRACT 503
KEYWORDS 503
INTRODUCTION 503
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 504
RESULTS 504
CONCLUSIONS 505
FURTHER STUDY 505
REFERENCES 505
TOTAL ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS FOR PASSIVE SOLAR STRATEGIES 508
ABSTRACT 508
KEYWORDS 508
INTRODUCTION 508
PASSIVE SOLAR STRATEGIES EVALUATED 509
RESULTS 509
CONCLUSIONS 511
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 511
REFERENCES 511
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN NEW SOLAR SPACE HEATING SYSTEM 513
REFERENCES 514
REFRIGERANT FLOW INSTABILITY IN EVAPORATORS OF SOLAR BOOSTED HEAT PUMPS 517
ABSTRACT 517
KEYWORDS 517
INTRODUCTION 517
EXPERIMENTS AND DISCUSSION 518
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 521
REFERENCES 522
LONG-TERM SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A DIRECT EXPANSION SOLAR-ASSISTED HEAT PUMP FOR WATER HEATING APPLICATIONS 523
ABSTRACT 523
KEYWORDS 523
INTRODUCTION 523
ITERATIVE COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE 524
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 525
CONCLUSIONS 527
REFERENCES 527
ANALYSIS OF SUNSPACE ASSISTED WATERHEATING HEAT PUMP -WITH CONSIDERATION TO PASSIVE HEATING 528
ABSTRACT 528
KEYWORDS 528
INTRODUCTION 528
OVERVIEW 529
THE MODEL 529
SIMULATION INPUT 531
RESULTS 532
CONCLUSIONS 532
REFERENCES 532
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF A HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER 533
KEYWORDS 533
INTRODUCTION 533
THE EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 533
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 534
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 537
SOLUTION OF GOVERNING EQUATIONS 537
PERFORMANCE TESTING 538
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 538
REFERENCES 539
SOLAR CHARGING OF ENERGY WELLS FOR SMALL HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS 540
ABSTRACT 540
KEY WORDS 540
INTRODUCTION 540
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS 541
DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTALLATION 542
RESULTS 542
CONCLUSIONS 544
REFERENCE 544
ENERGY ROOF AS HEAT PUMP SOURCE/SINK 545
ABSTRACT 545
KEYWORDS 545
INTRODUCTION 545
PERFORMANCES IN THE HEATING MODE 546
PERFORMANCES IN THE COOLING MODE 547
CONCLUSIONS 548
REFERENCES 548
PERFORMANCE OF A COMMERCIALLY-SIZED GROUND SOURCE HEATING SYSTEM 550
ABSTRACT 550
KEYWORDS 550
INTRODUCTION 550
HEATING SYSTEM AND SITE DESCRIPTION 551
WINTER PERFORMANCE 551
SUMMER PERFORMANCE 552
GROUND COIL THERMAL PERFORMANCE 552
SUMMARY 554
REFERENCES 554
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF COMBINED HEAT PUMP, HEAT-STORAGE IN SOIL SYSTEM FOR HEATING A GYMNASIUM 555
ABSTRACT 555
KEYWORDS 555
INTRODUCTION 555
CHOICE OF THE HEATING SYSTEM 555
DESCRIPTION OF THE HEATING SYSTEM 556
PRINCIPLE OF THE HEATING SYSTEM 556
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 557
HEATING COST 559
REFERENCES 559
COMPARAISON DE DIFFERENTS ECHANGEURS CLIMATIQUES 560
RESUME 560
ABSTRACT 560
MOTS CLES 560
KEYWORDS 560
I - ECHANGEUR PLAN 560
II - BARRIERE ENERGETIQUE 561
III - EMPILEMENT D'ECHANGEURS CLIMATIQUES 563
IV - CONCLUSION 564
THERMAL PERFORAMANCE COMPARISONS FOR SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS COLLECTOR ARRAY FLOW RATES 565
ABSTRACT 565
KEYWORDS 565
NOMENCLATURE 565
INTRODUCTION 566
SCOPE 566
EXPERIMENTAL APPARTUS 567
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 567
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 570
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 570
REFERENCES 570
RE-ENGINEERING DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS FOR LOW FLOW 571
ABSTRACT 571
KEYWORDS 571
INTRODUCTION 571
PRIOR COLD CLIMATE ART 572
RE-ENGINEERING FOR LOW FLOW 572
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 574
CONCLUSIONS 574
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 575
REFERENCES 575
THERMOSIPHON SYSTEMS WITH EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS 576
ABSTRACT 576
KEYWORDS 576
1. INTRODUCTION 576
2. SYSTEMS AND PARAMETERS STUDIED 576
3. TEST FACILITIES 577
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 578
INLET POSITION 578
FREEZE PROTECTION 579
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 580
REFERENCES 580
THE BUBBLE ACTION PUMP SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM 581
ABSTRACT 581
KEYWORDS 581
INTRODUCTION 581
PRINCIPLE OF BUBBLE ACTION 582
SCALE MODEL TEST 583
DESIGN CONSIDERATION 583
COMPARATIVE TEST 584
TEST RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 584
ACKNOWLEDGEMETS 585
REFERENCE 585
DEVELOPMENT OF HEAT PIPE SOLAR D.H.W. SYSTEMS 586
ABSTRACT 586
KEYWORDS 586
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 587
INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND 587
WORK DONE TO DATE 587
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 588
DESCRIPTION of OPERATING PRINCIPLE 588
DOWNWARD HEAT PIPE EFFICIENCY 588
RELATED WORK BY OTHERS 589
HIGHLIGHTS OF LATEST RESULTS 589
ESSENTIAL REFERENCES 589
SYSTEME SOLAIRE A CHANGEMENT DE PHASE AU FREON POUR LE CHAUFFAGE DE L'EAU DOMESTIQUE (SACPAF) 591
RESUME 591
ABSTRACT 591
MOTS CLES 591
INTRODUCTION 591
MECANISME DE FONCTIONNEMENT 592
SYSTEME DE CONTROLE 595
CONCLUSION 595
REFERENCE 595
PHASE-CHANGE SOLAR WATER HEATERS A DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY 596
ABSTRACT 596
KEYWORDS 596
INTRODUCTION 596
METHODOLOGY 597
RESULTS 597
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 599
REFERENCES 600
SOLAR WATER HEATER USING HEAT ACTUATED CIRCULATION SYSTEM 601
ABSTRACT 601
KEYWORDS 601
INTRODUCTION 601
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 601
SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS 602
TEST RESULTS 604
CONCLUSIONS 604
REFERENCES 605
INVESTIGATION OF STRATIFICATION AND TRANSIENT EFFECTS WITH DETAILED COLLECTION LOOPS MODELS 606
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM 606
COLLECTORS 'CAPACITANCE EFFECTS 607
CONTROL DIFFERENTIALS 609
STORAGE STRATIFICATION 610
CONCLUSIONS 611
REFERENCES 612
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPED SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS 613
ABSTRACT 613
KEYWORDS 613
INTRODUCTION 613
PV-SDHW SYSTEM MODEL 614
PERFORMANCE OF PV-SDHW SYSTEMS 615
COMPARISON TO OTHER SOLAR DHW SYSTEMS 617
CONCLUSIONS 617
REFERENCES 617
MEASURED PERFORMANCES OF THERMOSYPHON SOLAR-ENERGY WATER HEATERS IN OCCUPIED DWELLINGS 618
ABSTRACT 618
KEYWORDS 618
INTRODUCTION 618
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 620
MEASUREMENTS 620
FROST PROTECTION 621
CONCLUSION 622
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 622
REFERENCES 622
THE PROJECT ZFS - LARGE AREA SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS 623
ABSTRACT 623
KEYWORDS 623
INTRODUCTION 623
MEASURING PROGRAMME 624
RESULTS FROM SELECTED SYSTEMS 625
METHODS OF IMPROVEMENT 627
REFERENCES 627
THERMAL COUPLING REQUIREMENTS AND POSSIBILITIES OF BACKUP HEATER TANKS IN SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS 628
ABSTRACT 628
KEYWORDS 628
INTRODUCTION 628
SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS CONSIDERED 629
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 632
REFERENCES 632
ÉTUDE TECHNIQUE ET ÉCONOMIQUE D'UNE SERRE AVEC POMPE À CHALEUR INSTALLÉE À MONTRÉAL 633
SOMMAIRE 633
INTRODUCTION 633
BILAN ÉNERGÉTIQUE 633
MODÉLISATION DES ÉQUIPEMENTS DE CHAUFFAGE 634
RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION 634
CONCLUSIONS 637
RÉFÉRENCES 637
DESIGN AND TESTING OF A COLD CLIMATE GREENHOUSE 638
ABSTRACT 638
KEYWORDS 638
GREENHOUSE DESCRIPTION 638
BENEFITS 640
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 640
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 641
ECONOMICS 642
CONCLUSIONS 642
COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF SELF-CONTAINED SOLAR GREENHOUSES 643
KEYWORDS 643
ABSTRACT 643
INTRODUCTION 643
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS 643
DETERMINATION OF HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENT, U' 646
CALCULATION OF GREENHOUSE COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY 646
CONCLUSIONS 647
REFERENCES 647
A NOVEL GREENHOUSE CONCEPT USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS IN WALLS AND ROOF 648
ABSTRACT 648
KEYWORDS 648
INTRODUCTION 648
BASIC MATERIAL COMPONENTS 649
THE EXPERIMENTAL SOLAR AND CONTROL GREENHOUSES 650
THE MAIN RESULTS 650
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 652
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 652
REFERENCES 652
PHASE 2: AN EXHAUST FAN TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE SURPLUS HEAT AVAILABLE FROM ATTACHED GREENHOUSES 653
ABSTRACT 653
KEYWORDS 653
INTRODUCTION 653
CONTROLLED TESTING 653
APPLICATION OF THE(EFT)TO A FULL SIZE GREENHOUSE 655
DISCUSSION 657
CONCLUSIONS 657
ACKNOWLEGEMENT 657
REFERENCES 657
EVALUATION SIMULTANEE DE CINQ COUVERTURES THERMIQUES POUR SERRES 658
ABSTRACT 658
KEYWORDS 658
INTRODUCTION 658
DESCRIPTION DES INSTALLATIONS 659
METHODE D'EVALUATION 659
RESULTATS 661
CONCLUSIONS ET TRAVAUX ENVISAGES 662
REFERENCES 662
MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT INTENSITIES IN MODEL GREENHOUSES 663
ABSTRACT 663
KEYWORDS 663
INTRODUCTION 663
OBJECTIVES 664
APPARATUS AND METHOD 664
RESULTS 667
REFERENCES 667
SYSTEMATISATION DES SERRES RESIDENTIELLES: LEURS CARACTERISTIQUES 668
ABSTRACT 668
KEYWORDS 668
LES OBJECTIFS 668
NOTES DU CONCEPT DE BASE 669
L'ANALYSE 670
CONCLUSION 670
DIAGNOSIS, REDESIGN AND MODIFICATION OF BUILDINGS WITH OVERHEATED SPACES 676
ABSTRACT 676
KEYWORDS 676
OBJECTIVES 676
METHODOLOGY 676
SIMULATION 677
EVALUATING DESIGN ALTERNATIVES 679
CONCLUSIONS 680
REFERENCES 680
OPEN-CYCLE SOLAR ABSORPTION COOLING 681
ABSTRACT 681
BACKGROUND 681
OBJECTIVES 681
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND OPERATION 682
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 683
COUPLED OPERATION OF THE EVAPORATOR/ABSORBER AND PACKED BED REGENERATOR 684
CONCLUSIONS 684
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 685
REFERENCES 685
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING WITH SOLID ADSORBENTS IN OPEN SYSTEMS 686
ABSTRACT 686
KEYWORDS 686
INTRODUCTION 686
CONCEPT 687
PRESENT INVESTIGATIONS 687
RESULTS 688
CONCLUSIONS 690
REFERENCES 690
TEMPERATURE REGIMES OF AN OPEN SOLAR REGENERATOR 691
ABSTRACT 691
KEYWORDS 691
INTRODUCTION 691
THEORY 692
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 693
CONCLUSION 695
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 695
NOMENCLATURE 695
REFERENCES 695
SOLAR COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR PERFORMANCE BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER CORRELATIONS 696
ABSTRACT 696
KEYWORDS 696
INTRODUCTION 696
COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR PERFORMANCE MODEL 697
COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS 697
CONCLUSIONS 699
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 699
REFERENCES 699
SOLAR POWERED SPACE CONDITIONING SYSTEM USING LiBr AS A DESICCANT 701
ABSTRACT 701
KEYWORDS 701
INTRODUCTION 701
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 705
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 706
SYSTEM DESIGN 707
CONCLUSIONS 708
REFERENCES 708
REGENERATION PERFORMANCE OF ADSORBENT IN THE INTEGRATED DESICCANT/COLLECTOR 709
ABSTRACT 709
KEYWORDS 709
INTRODUCTION 709
METHODOLOGY 709
RESULTS 710
CONCLUSION 713
REFERENCES 713
Vol 2 714
Front Cover 714
Intersol 85 717
Copyright Page 718
Table of Contents 721
GENERAL CONTENTS TO THE PROCEEDINGS 719
CHAPTER 2. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS 731
CAPACITY DEGRADATION OF FIELD TESTED SILICA GEL SAMPLES 733
ABSTRACT 733
KEYWORDS 733
INTRODUCTION 733
CAPACTTY MEASUREMENTS 734
SURFACE ANALYSIS 735
CONCLUSIONS 737
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 737
REFERENCES 737
ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID LIQUID DESICCANT COOLING SYSTEM 738
ABSTRACT 738
KEY WORDS 738
INTRODUCTION 738
THE HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGER MODELS 740
SIMULATION RESULTS 741
REFERENCES 743
SOLAR HYBRID DESICCANT COOLING SYSTEMS IN SUPERMARKET APPLICATIONS 744
ABSTRACT 744
KEY WORDS 744
INTRODUCTION 744
SIMULATION RESULTS 745
REFERENCES 750
MODELIZATION OF A SOLAR REFRIGERATOR WORKING WITH A SOLID ADSORBENT 751
ABSTRACT 751
KEYWORDS 751
INTRODUCTION 751
MODELISATION 751
CONCLUSION 755
REFERENCES 755
COOLING A SOLAR HOUSE USING ABSORPTION MACHINE 756
Abstract 756
Introduction 756
Conclusions 760
References 761
SOLAR POWERED TWO-STAGE ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING WITH DIFFERENT WORKING FLUIDS - THERMODYNAMIC DESIGN ASPECTS OF MULTISTAGE CYCLES 762
ABSTRACT 762
Key Words 762
INTRODUCTION 762
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 765
CONCLUSIONS 766
REFERENCES 766
OPERATING RESULTS FOR A SOLAR COOLING SYSTEM USING A COMBINED SINGLE-DOUBLE EFFECT ABSORPTION CHILLER 770
ABSTRACT 770
KEYWORDS 770
INTRODUCTION 770
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 770
CSDE ABSORPTION CHILLER 771
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 772
CONCLUSION 774
REFERENCE 774
SOLAR ICE MAKER WORKING WITH ACTIVATED CARBON-METHANOL ADSORBENT-ADSORBATE PAIR 775
ABSTRACT 775
KEYWORDS 775
DESCRIPTION OF THE SOLAR ICE MAKER 776
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 778
COMPRISON BETWEEM BOTH TYPES OF COLLECTORS 779
REFERENCES 779
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 779
PARAMETRIC EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR POWERED SOLID ABSORPTION REFRIGERATOR 780
ABSTRACT 780
KEYWORDS 780
INTRODUCTION 780
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME 781
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 783
CONCLUSION 786
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 787
REFERENCES 787
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF AN EJECTO-COMPRESSOR SOLAR COOLING SYSTEM 788
ABSTRACT 788
KEYWORDS 788
INTRODUCTION 788
EXPERIMENTAL 789
DISCUSSION 790
REFERENCES 792
SOLAR SANITARY CASE FOR VACCINE CONSERVATION AT + 4 °C 793
SUMMARY 793
KEYWORDS 793
PURPOSE 793
EXPERIMENTAL DAILY BEHAVIOR 794
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 796
APPLICATION 796
EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCES 796
CONCLUSION 797
REFERENCES 797
SOLAR THERMAL REFRIGERATOR FOR VACCINE STORAGE AND ICEMAKING 798
ABSTRACT 798
KEYWORDS 798
INTRODUCTION 798
STUDY OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE REFRIGERATOR 800
PROTOTYPE DESIGN 801
RESULTS 801
CONCLUSION 801
ACKNOLEDGEMENT 802
REFERENCES 802
A REVISED METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BURIED PIPE COOLING SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS 803
ABSTRACT 803
KEYWORDS 803
NOMENCLATURE 803
INTRODUCTION 803
METHODOLOGY 804
RESULTS 805
CONCLUSION 806
REFERENCES 806
RADIATIVE COOLING IN A VERY DUSTY ENVIRONMENT 808
ABSTRACT 808
KEYWORDS 808
INTRODUCTION 808
OBJECTIVES 809
METHODOLOGY 809
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 810
REFERENCES 812
EVALUATION OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS AND ESTIMATION OF AIR FLOW RATES IN BUILDINGS EMPLOYING WIND TOWERS 813
ABSTRACT 813
KEYWORDS 813
INTRODUCTION 813
EVALUATION OF WIND PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS 814
ESTIMATION OF VENTILATION RATES FROM THE PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS 815
CONCLUSIONS 818
REFERENCES 818
THERMAL DIODE NOCTURNAL COOLER 819
ABSTRACT 819
KEYWORDS 819
INTRODUCTION 819
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 820
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 821
CONCLUSIONS 823
REFERENCES 823
CARACTERISATION D'UNITES DE STOCKAGE PAR CHALEUR LATENTE 824
ABSTRACT 824
KEYWORD 824
1. INTRODUCTION 824
2. DESCRIPTION DE L'UNITE DE STOCKAGE 824
3. EXPERIMENTATION SUR BANC D'ESSAIS 825
4. EXPERIMENTATION DANS UN SYSTEME SOLAIRE ACTIF 827
5. MODELISATION ET TRAITEMENT DES DONNEES 829
REFERENCES 829
SOLIDIFICATION (MELTING) IN FINITE EXTENT PCM BODIES 830
ABSTRACT 830
KEYWORDS 830
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 830
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM AND THE METHOD OF SOLUTION 831
RESULTS 833
CONCLUSIONS 833
REFERENCES 834
CORRELATIONS POUR LE DIMENSIONNEMENT D'ELEMENTS DE PAROIS A CHALEUR LATENTE 835
RESUME 835
MOTS CLES 835
INTRODUCTION 835
DESCRIPTION DU PROBLEME 836
ANALYSE DU PROCESSUS 836
ETABLISSEMENT DES CORRELATIONS 837
CONCLUSION 839
REFERENCES 839
RECOVERY OF STORED HEAT FROM SALT HYDRATE ENERGY STORAGE MEDIA 840
ABSTRACT 840
KEYWORDS 840
INTRODUCTION 840
EXPERIMENTAL 842
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 843
REFERENCES 844
A DESIGN GUIDE FOR UNDERGROUND HEAT STORAGE SYSTEMS 845
ABSTRACT 845
KEYWORDS 845
INTRODUCTION 845
SUMMARY OF DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 847
INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 848
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 849
CONCLUSIONS 849
REFERENCES 849
SEASONAL STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY USING INSULATED EARTH 850
ABSTRACT 850
KEYWORDS 850
INTRODUCTION 850
BUILDING DESCRIPTION 851
SITE AND CLIMATIC DATA 852
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM 852
DESCRIPTION OF EARTH STORAGE 852
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS 853
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 854
REFERENCES 854
RECHERCHE DE L'UTILISATION OPTIMALE D'UN STOCKAGE SAISONNIER DE LA CHALEUR SOLAIRE 855
RESUME 855
MOTS-CLEFS 855
INTRODUCTION 855
INSTALLATION 855
METHODE 856
MESURES 856
OPTIMISATION TECHNICO-ECONOMIQUE 858
CONCLUSIONS 858
REMERCIEMENTS 858
REFERENCES 859
THE GRONINGEN PROJECT: 96 SOLAR HOUSES WITH SEASONAL HEAT STORAGE IN THE SOIL 862
ABSTRACT 862
KEYWORDS 862
INTRODUCTION 862
DESCRIPTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM WITH A SEASONAL HEAT STORE 863
DESIGN BACKGROUND 864
DETAILED DESIGN 865
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE 865
TESTING OF THE SEASONAL HEAT STORE 866
SYSTEM MONITORING 867
RESUME 868
REFERENCES 868
THERMAL ENERGY TRANSPORT FROM UNDERGROUND SOURCES AND SINKS 869
ABSTRACT 869
KEYWORDS 869
INTRODUCTION 869
METHODOLOGY 869
FEATURES OF THE SIMULATION 871
CURRENT RESULTS 871
CONCLUSIONS 872
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 872
REFERENCES 872
THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN WATER VESSELS FOR ENERGY STORAGE 873
ABSTRACT 873
KEYWORDS 873
INTRODUCTION 873
METHODS 874
RESULTS 876
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 877
REFERENCES 877
ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTAL DE LA STRATIFICATION THERMIQUE 878
ABSTRACT 878
MOTS CLÉS 878
INTRODUCTION 879
INSTALLATION ET APPAREILS DE MESURE 879
METHODOLOGIE DE L'EXPERIMENTATION 880
DERIVATIONS MATHEMATIQUE 881
RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX ET INTERPRETATION 882
CORRÉLATION DES DONNEES 884
REFERENCES 885
COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND PREDICTED RESULTS FOR A DOMESTIC THERMALLY STRATIFIED SOLAR STORAGE CONTAINER 886
ABSTRACT 886
KEYWORDS 886
INTRODUCTION 887
TESTS 887
COMPUTER PREDICTION 887
RESULTS 888
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 890
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 891
REFERENCES 891
COMPARISON OF CONCEPTS FOR CENTRAL SOLAR HEATING PLANTS WITH SEASONAL STORAGE 892
ABSTRACT 892
OBJECTIVES 892
METHODOLOGY 892
RESULTS 893
CONCLUSIONS 896
REFERENCES 896
STABILCRETE: A FAMILY OF THERMAL BALLAST BUILDING BRICKS AND BLOCKS 897
ABSTRACT 897
KEY WORDS 897
OBJECTIVES 897
INTRODUCTION 898
FABRICATION 898
ADVANTAGES 899
COSTS 899
REFERENCES 899
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF A ROCK BED STORAGE IN A GOOSE RAISING SOLAR HOUSE 902
ABSTRACT 902
KEYWORDS 902
INTRODUCTION 902
DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN 903
DETAILED CONSTRUCTION OF THE STORAGE 903
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 906
CONCLUSIONS 906
REFERENCES 906
THE EFFECT OF LOAD PROFILES ON STRATIFIED SOLAR STORAGE TANKS 907
ABSTRACT 907
KEYWORDS 907
INTRODUCTION 907
METHOD 908
LOAD PROFILES 908
CONTROL STRATEGY 908
RESULTS 909
CONCLUSION 910
REFERENCES 910
MONITORING OF SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS AT THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA 912
ABSTRACT 912
KEYWORDS 912
INTRODUCTION 912
TEST FACILITY DETAILS 912
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 914
CONCLUSIONS 916
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 916
REFERENCES 916
MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER (SDHW) SYSTEMS 917
ABSTRACT 917
KEY WORDS 917
INTRODUCTION 917
SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AND TESTING CONDITIONS 918
SIMULATION MODEL 918
RESULTS 918
SENSITIVITY STUDY 920
CONCLUSION 921
REFERENCES 921
SIMULATION AND MONITORING RESULTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM 922
ABSTRACT 922
KEYWORDS 922
INTRODUCTION 922
THE SOLAR ENERGY AND MONITORING SYSTEM 922
THE SYSTEM MODELLING 923
THE SIMULATION APPROACH 923
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 924
CONCLUSIONS 926
REFERENCES 926
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE SYSSIM COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR SOLAR APPLICATIONS 927
ABSTRACT 927
KEYWORDS 927
INTRODUCTION 927
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP 928
RESULTS 928
CONCLUSIONS 929
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 930
REFERENCES 930
ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS ON SDHW SYSTEMS, IN THE SCOPE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEST STANDARDS FOR EUROPEAN CLIMATES 931
ABSTRACT 931
KEYWORDS 931
INTRODUCTION 931
INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE 932
TEST FACILITIES 932
CONCLUSIONS 935
REFERENCE 935
FIELD TRIALS OF 75 DOMESTIC SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS, 1980-1984 937
ABSTRACT 937
KEYWORDS 937
BACKGROUND 937
OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 937
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 938
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 941
REFERENCES 941
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR ENERGY RETROFITS AND HOT WATER HEATERS IN NEW YORK STATE 942
ABSTRACT 942
KEYWORDS 942
INTRODUCTION 942
ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER MODELS 943
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION 945
CONCLUSIONS 947
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 947
REFERENCES 948
ENQUETE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT EN OEUVRE DES CAPTEURS SOLAIRES INSTALLES EN FRANCE 949
RESUME 949
MOTS-CLEF 949
PRESENTATION DE L'ETUDE - METHODE 949
RESULTATS 950
CONCLUSION 953
REMERCIEMENTS 953
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 953
RESPONSE DYNAMICS OF SOLAR COLLECTOR ARRAYS 954
ABSTRACT 954
KEYWORDS 954
INTRODUCTION 954
BASIC RELATIONS 955
TRANSFER FUNCTIONS 955
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 957
COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATED RESULTS 957
CONCLUSIONS 958
REFERENCES 958
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES FROM A PILOT TEST FACILITY FOR SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS 959
ABSTRACT 959
KEYWORDS 959
INTRODUCTION 959
CHARACTERISATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS 960
SOLAR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 961
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE FOR SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS 962
CONCLUSION 963
REFERENCES 963
INVESTIGATION OF A SHORT TERM PROCEDURE FOR PASSIVE COMPONENTS TESTING IN NATURAL CONDITIONS 964
ABSTRACT 964
KEYWORDS 964
INTRODUCTION 964
METHODOLOGY 964
RESULTS 965
CONCLUSION 968
REFERENCES 968
THE JRC PASSIVE SOLAR TEST FACILITY: Concept, Calibration and Test Methodology 969
ABSTRACT 969
KEYWORDS 969
INTRODUCTION 969
THE TEST FACILITY 969
CALIBRATION AND TEST METHODOLOGY 970
ALGORITHMS FOR MEASURING Q*L 971
ADIABATIC SOUTH WALL AND CALIBRATION 971
PERFORMANCE INDICES 971
RESULTS 972
REFERENCE 973
CONTINUOUS AIR INFILTRATION MEASUREMENTS IN THE LESO 974
ABSTRACT 974
KEYWORDS 974
INTRODUCTION 974
CONCLUSIONS 978
REFERENCES 978
COMPARISON OF SOLAR LOAD RATIO PREDICTIONS WITH PERFORMANCE OF FIVE PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDINGS 979
ABSTRACT 979
KEYWORDS 979
OBJECTIVES 979
METHODOLOGY 980
RESULTS 980
CONCLUSIONS 983
REFERENCES 983
THE STOCKHOLM PROJECT, ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY IN NEW MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS 984
ABSTRACT 984
KEYWORLDS 984
INTRODUCTION 984
GENERAL DESCROPTION 985
GOALS 988
RESULTS 988
THE ALBERTA HOME HEATING RESEARCH FACILITY UPDATE VI - THE 1984-85 HEATING SEASON 989
ABSTRACT 989
KEYWORDS 989
INTRODUCTION 989
RESULTS 990
CONCLUSIONS 993
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 993
REFERENCES 993
THE BENEFITS ARISING FROM INTEGRATING MONITORED AND SIMULATED DATA ANALYSIS 994
ABSTRACT 994
KEYWORDS 994
INTRODUCTION 994
NATURE OF THE MONITORED/SIMULATED DATA ANALYSIS TASK 995
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF AN INTEGRATED MON/SIM PACKAGE 996
DISCUSSION 998
REFERENCES 998
GENERALIZING MEASURED DATA OF SOLAR SYSTEMS 999
ABSTRACT 999
KEYWORDS 999
INTRODUCTION 999
DHW SOLAR SYSTEM 999
MONITORING 999
PREMEASUREMENT 1000
METHODOLOGY 1000
RESULTS 1001
CONCLUSION 1002
REFERENCES 1002
APPENDIX 1003
FIVE-YEAR PROGRESS REPORT ON A SUCCESSFUL SOLAR/GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM FOR A COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDING IN BURLINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS 1004
ABSTRACT 1004
KEYWORDS 1004
INTRODUCTION 1004
SOLAR SPACE HEATING SYSTEM 1005
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BACK-UP HEATING SYSTEM 1007
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY COOLING SYSTEM 1007
SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM 1008
OPERATIONAL RESULTS 1008
CONCLUSION 1008
CHAPTER 3. INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESS HEAT 1009
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS 1011
INTRODUCTION 1011
COLLECTORS 1013
SYSTEMS 1015
APPLICATIONS 1016
ECONOMICS 1017
THE FUTURE FOR SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS 1019
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH THREE SOLAR PROCESS HEAT PLANTS IN EUROPE AND ARABIA 1021
ABSTRACT 1021
KEYWORDS 1021
INTRODUCTION 1021
COLLECTOR SYSTEM HELIOMAN M 480R 1021
OVERALL SYSTEM CONCEPT 1023
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCES WITH 3 SIPH PLANTS 1024
LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SIX INTERMEDIATE-TEMPERATURE SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT SYSTEMS 1027
ABSTRACT 1027
KEYWORDS 1027
INTRODUCTION 1027
OBJECTIVES 1027
DESCRIPTION 1028
METHODOLOGY 1029
RESULTS 1030
CONCLUSIONS 1031
REFERENCES 1031
THREE YEAR OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH A 281 M2 ETC SOLAR ENERGY FACILITY IN EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA 1032
ABSTRACT 1032
KEYWORDS 1032
INTRODUCTION 1032
OPERATING EXPERIENCE 1033
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 1035
WORK IN PROGESS 1035
CONCLUSIONS 1036
REFERENCES 1036
DEMONSTRATION OF A CONCENTRATOR SYSTEM FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS WATER HEATING 1037
ABSTRACT 1037
KEYWORDS 1037
INTRODUCTION 1037
THE APPLICATION 1037
COLLECTOR DESIGN 1038
SYSTEM DESIGN 1039
PERFORMANCE 1039
ECONOMICS 1040
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1041
REFERENCES 1041
USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR LSHS HEATING IN INDIA 1042
ABSTRACT 1042
KEYWORDS 1042
INTRODUCTION 1042
DESIGN FEATURES 1043
OUR SYSTEM AT TISCO, JAMSHEDPUR 1043
OPERATING EXPERIENCES 1044
ECONOMICS OF THE SYSTEM 1044
CONCLUSION 1045
THE SUPERIORITY OF FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS IN SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING 1047
ABSTRACT 1047
KEYWORDS 1047
INTRODUCTION AND MEASUREMENTS 1047
MEASUREMENT 1048
RESULTS 1049
ANALYSIS 1050
CONCLUSIONS 1051
INVESTIGATION OF FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN SOLAR COLLECTOR ARRAYS 1052
ABSTRACT 1052
KEYWORDS 1052
INTRODUCTION 1052
THEORETICAL MODEL 1053
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 1054
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1054
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 1056
REFERENCES 1056
DESIGN, INSTALLATION & PERFORMANCE OF A 10 TR SOLAR POWERED COLD STORAGE IN INDIA
ABSTRACT 1057
KEYWORDS 1057
INTRODUCTION 1057
SYSTEM DESIGN 1058
OPERATING EXPERIENCES 1059
RESULTS 1060
CONCLUSIONS 1061
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL SOLAR WATER HEATER: ENERGY MAXIMISATION, LOAD AND TEMPERATURE DEMAND 1062
ABSTRACT 1062
KEYWORDS 1062
INTRODUCTION 1062
METHODOLOGY 1063
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1064
CONCLUSION 1066
REFERENCES 1066
OPERATION OF SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS IN WINTER 1067
ABSTRACT 1067
KEYWORDS 1067
INTRODUCTION 1067
GENERAL DESIGN AND OPERATION PRINCIPLES 1068
SEASONAL SYSTEMS WITH SIMPLE FREEZE PROTECTION 1068
AIR SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS 1068
GLYCOL BASED SYSTEMS 1069
DRAIN BACK SYSTEMS 1070
DRAIN DOWN SYSTEMS 1071
REFERENCES 1071
RESULTS FROM ONTARIO'S ACTIVE SOLAR MONITORING PROJECT 1072
ABSTRACT 1072
KEYWORDS 1072
INTRODUCTION 1072
"LOW-LEVEL" AND "HIGH-LEVEL" MONITORING 1073
THE MONITORING PROCESS 1073
"LOW-LEVEL" MONITORING RESULTS 1074
SOIAR ENERGY SYSTEM RELIABILITY 1074
"HIGH-LEVEL" MONITORING RESULTS 1075
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1076
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1076
REFERENCES 1076
AN EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR SYSTEM FOR THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY 1077
ABSTRACT 1077
KEY WORDS 1077
INTRODUCTION 1077
SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATION 1078
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS 1078
FINAL ANALYSIS 1079
CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE 1080
CONCLUSIONS 1081
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1081
REFERENCES 1081
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A HYBRID CROP DRYER USING SOLAR ENERGY AND SAWDUST 1082
ABSTRACT 1082
KEYWORDS 1082
INTRODUCTION 1082
DESIGN OF HYBRID DRYER 1083
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1083
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1084
CONCLUSIONS 1086
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1086
REFERENCES 1086
FODDER DRYING IN BARNS WITH THE AID OF VENTILATED GREENHOUSES 1087
ABSTRACT 1087
KEYWORDS 1087
INTRODUCTION 1087
NOMENCLATURE 1087
GREEK LETTERS 1088
INDICES 1088
THERMAL MODEL OF THE VENTILATED GREENHOUSE 1088
THERMAL MODEL OF THE DRIER 1090
CLIMATIC SIMULATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR A GIVEN LOCALITY 1090
REFERENCES 1090
MODELISATION ET EXPERIMENTATION D'UN SECHOIR SOLAIRE AGROALIMENTAIRE 1092
RESUME 1092
SUMMARY 1092
INTRODUCTION 1092
1- DESCRIPTION DU SECHOIR SOLAIRE SERESOL 1093
2- MODELISATION DE LA PARTIE CAPTEUR 1094
3- MODELISATION DU CAISSON DE DESSICATION 1094
4- IDENTIFICATION DES PARAMETRES DU MODELE 1095
5- SIMULATION D'UNE OPERATION DE SECHAGE 1095
CONCLUSION 1096
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 1096
OBOE SOLAR DRYERS: DESIGN AND FIELD TESTING 1097
ABSTRACT 1097
KEYWORDS 1097
INTRODUCTION 1097
DESIGN & OPERATION
INSTALLATIONS 1099
PAYBACK PERIODS 1103
FUTURE PROJECTS 1104
SUNMARY 1104
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1104
REFERENCES 1104
AN AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR SOLAR DRYING OF CEREAL GRAINS 1105
ABSTRACT 1105
KEYWORDS 1105
INTRODUCTION 1105
ANALYTICAL MODEL 1106
REFERENCES 1108
CONCLUSIONS 1109
NOMENCLATURE 1109
VARIABLE PARAMETER TRANSIENT MODEL OF AIR HEATER FOR SOLAR DRIERS 1111
ABSTRACT 1111
KEY WORDS 1111
INTRODUCTION 1111
ANALYSIS 1112
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 1113
DISCUSSION 1114
CONCLUSIONS 1114
REFERENCES 1114
LARGE SCALE SOLAR ASSISTED TOBACCO CURING - EXPERIENCES AND POTENTIAL 1116
ABSTRACT 1116
KEYWORDS 1116
INTRODUCTION 1116
PERFORMANCE 1117
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE PROCESS 1118
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1120
REFERENCES 1120
LOW COST PLASTIC SUCTION TYPE GREENHOUSE GRAIN DRYER 1121
ABSTRACT 1121
INTRODUCTION 1122
NEED FOR LOW COST PORTABLE DRYER 1122
MATERIALS USED 1122
DETAILS OF THE SOLAR COLLECTOR 1122
DETAILS OF DRYER 1123
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 1124
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1125
SIMPLE SOLAR CROP DRIERS FOR RURAL AREAS 1126
ABSTRACT 1126
KEYWORDS 1126
INTRODUCTION 1126
THE WIRE BASKET DRIER 1127
THE ROCK BED DRIER 1129
CONCLUSIONS 1130
REFERENCES 1130
AN INTEGRATED SOLAR DRYER FOR DRYING OF AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS 1131
ABSTRACT 1131
INTRODUCTION 1131
THE INTEGRATED SOLAR DRYER AND ITS BASIS OF DESIGN 1132
THERMO-PERFORMANCES OF INTEGRATED SOLAR DRYER 1133
CONCLUSION 1135
LARGE SCALE SITE BUILT "MEGA" COLLECTORS OFFER LOW COST AND HIGH PERFORMANCE 1136
ABSTRACT 1136
KEYWORDS 1136
INTRODUCTION 1136
THERMAL PERFORMANCE 1137
SYSTEM DESIGN 1138
MEGA® COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE 1138
COST ANALYSIS 1139
CONCLUSIONS 1140
REFERENCES 1140
THE LONG GROUND-BASED FLAT-PLATE (LGB) COLLECTOR 1141
ABSTRACT 1141
KEYWORDS 1141
INTRODUCTION 1141
DESIGN 1142
THE AIR TUBE COLLECTOR 1142
THE MECHANICALLY SUPPORTED COLLECTOR 1143
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 1145
CONCLUSIONS 1145
REFERENCES 1145
CONSTRUCTION AND TEST OF A CHEAP SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR SUPPLYING DISTRICT HEAT 1146
ABSTRACT 1146
KEYWORDS 1146
INTRODUCTION 1146
COLLECTOR DESIGN 1146
PROTOTYPE 1147
ABSORBER 1148
MOUNTING 1148
PRICE AND OUTPUT 1150
EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC LOSSES ON VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS 1151
ABSTRACT 1151
KEYWORDS 1151
INTRODUCTION 1151
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS 1152
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1155
REFERENCES 1155
EXPERIENCES WITH HEAT PIPE BATCH SOLAR COLLECTORS 1156
ABSTRACT 1156
KEYWORDS 1156
INTRODUCTION 1156
KIT ASSEMBLY 1157
INTERIOR-GROOVED VS WRAPPED-SCREEN-WICKED HEAT PIPES 1158
PERFORMANCE 1158
CONCLUSIONS 1158
REFERENCES 1159
TWO-PHASE THERMOSIPHONS FOR SOLAR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 1160
ABSTRACT 1160
KEYWORDS 1160
INTRODUCTION 1160
SIMPLE TWO-PHASE THERMOSIPHON 1160
SOLAR ABSORBER 1161
LIQUID TO LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGER WITH DIODE PERFORMANCE 1163
TEMPERATURE LIMITING HEAT EXCHANGER 1163
FREEZE PROTECTOR 1164
REFERENCES 1164
FINNED ABSORBER AIR COLLECTOR 1165
ABSTRACT 1165
KEYWORDS 1165
INTRODUCTION 1165
MATHEMATICAL MODEL 1166
METHODOLOGY 1166
RESULTS AUD DISCUSSIONS 1166
CONCLUSION 1169
NOMENCLATURE 1169
REFERENCES 1169
STUDY ON THE VOID FRACTION PROFILES IN BUBBLY FLOW PATTERN 1170
ABSTRACT 1170
INTRODUCTION 1170
RADIAL DYNAMIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN BUBBLY FLOW 1171
THE MAGNUS EFFECT 1173
CONCLUDING DISCUSSION 1174
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1176
REFERENCES 1177
ANALYSIS OF AIR-HEATING SOLAR COLLECTORS INCORPORATING FINITE VALUES FOR THE THICKNESS AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE ABSORBER PLATE 1178
ABSTRACT 1178
KEYWORDS 1178
INTRODUCTION 1178
DERIVATION AND VALIDATION 1179
RESULTS 1180
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1181
NOMENCLATURE 1182
REFERENCES 1182
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROOVED COVER SURFACES IN REDUCING CONVECTIVE HEAT LOSS FROM SOLAR COLLECTORS 1183
ABSTRACT 1183
KEYWORDS 1183
INTRODUCTION 1183
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1184
CALCULATIONS 1185
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1185
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1186
REFERENCES 1186
NATURAL SIPHON SOLAR WATER HEATER WITH V-CORRUGATED TRANSPARENT FILM 1187
ABSTRACT 1187
KEYWORDS 1187
INTRODUCTION 1187
V-CORRUGATED TRANSPARENT INSULATION FILM 1188
COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY 1189
SIMULATION CONDITIONS 1189
SIMULATION RESULTS 1189
CONCLUSIONS 1191
REFERENCES 1191
INTEGRATED EVACUATED CPC's FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS 1192
ABSTRACT 1192
KEYWORDS 1192
INTRODUCTION 1192
PROOF OF CONCEPT PROTOTYPE 1193
ADVANCED DESIGNS 1195
APPLICATIONS 1195
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1196
RERERENCES 1196
EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS SIMPLIFY SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM LAYOUT 1197
SUMMARY 1197
KEYWORDS 1197
CONSTRUCTION OF ETC'S 1197
CHARACTERISTICS 1198
EXPERIENCE WITH AN ACTUAL SYSTEM 1199
REFERENCES 1201
THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EVACUATED TUBE HEAT-PIPE COLLECTOR SYSTEM IN BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA 1202
ABSTRACT 1202
KEYWORDS 1202
INTRODUCTION 1202
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1202
RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE MONITORING 1203
RELATING COLLECTOR CHARACTERISTICS TO SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1203
MAINTENANCE DIFFICULTIES 1205
CONCLUSIONS 1206
REFERENCES 1206
PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR COLLECTORS USING EVACUATED ABSORBER TUBES 1207
ABSTRACT 1207
KEYWORDS 1207
INTRODUCTION 1207
METHODOLOGY 1207
RESULTS 1208
CONCLUSION 1210
REFERENCES 1210
A GLASS, EVACUATED, SOLAR COLLECTOR PANEL USING APPROXIMATELY IDEAL CONCENTRATION AND SELECTIVE ABSORPTION 1211
ABSTRACT 1211
KEYWORDS 1211
INTRODUCTION 1211
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PANELS WITH FLUID FLOW HEAT TRANSFER 1214
PANELS WITH HEAT PIPES FOR HEAT TRANSFER 1214
DISCUSSION 1215
REFERENCES 1215
PERFORMANCE AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AN EVACUATED SOLAR CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR IN BRITISH WEATHER CONDITIONS 1216
ABSTRACT 1216
KEYWORDS 1216
INTRODUCTION 1216
THE EXPERIMENTAL RIG 1217
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 1218
SOLUTION OF GOVERNING EQUATIONS 1220
PERFORMANCE TESTING AND DISCUSSIONS OF RESULTS 1220
REFERENCES 1222
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS - AN ANALYSIS OF DETAILED ARRAY DATA 1223
ABSTRACT 1223
KEYWORDS 1223
INTRODUCTION 1223
SINGLE PANEL STEADY-STATE FACTORS 1224
ARRAY FACTORS 1226
CONCLUSIONS 1227
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1227
REFERENCES 1227
PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATED TUBULAR AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR WATER HEATERS 1228
ABSTRACT 1228
KEYWORDS 1228
INTRODUCTION 1228
EVACUATED TUBULAR AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR WATER HEATERS 1228
RESULTS 1229
FACTORS GOVERNING EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1230
CONCLUSIONS 1232
CHARACTERIZATION OF EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS 1233
ABSTRACT 1233
KEYWORDS 1233
INTRODUCTION 1233
THE SYSTEM 1234
METHODOLOGY 1234
RESULTS 1235
CONCLUSIONS 1237
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1237
REFERENCES 1237
ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF STATIONARY NON-EVACUATED CPC SOLAR COLLECTORS 1238
ABSTRACT 1238
KEYWORDS 1238
1. INTRODUCTION 1238
2. COLLECTOR ORIENTATION, GEOMETRY AND COMPONENT COST 1238
3. CALCULATION OF COLLECTED ENERGY 1239
5. CONCLUSIONS 1241
REFERENCES 1241
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL NON-EVACUATED 1.2x CPC TYPE CONCENTRATOR 1243
ABSTRACT 1243
KEYWORDS 1243
I - INTRODUCTION 1243
II - COLLECTOR DESCRIPTION 1244
Ill - COLLECTOR TESTING AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 1245
IV - LONG TERM PERFORMANCE AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER COLLECTOR TYPES 1247
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1247
REFERENCES 1247
TURBULENT EROSION OF GRADIENT ZONE CAUSED BY ARTIFICIAL RAIN IN LABORATORY SOLAR POND 1249
ABSTRACT 1249
KEYWORDS 1249
INTRODUCTION 1249
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE 1250
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1252
CONCLUDING REMARKS 1253
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1253
REFERENCES 1253
NEAR SURFACE CONVECTION IN SALT GRADIENT SOLAR PONDS 1254
ABSTRACT 1254
KEYWORDS 1254
INTRODUCTION 1254
MECHANISMS OF CONVECTION AND SOLAR PONDS 1255
MIXED LAYER MODELLING 1256
VISCOSITY MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS 1256
CONCLUSION 1257
REFERENCES 1258
A LABORATORY TEST OF WIND-MIXING IN A SALT GRADIENT SOLAR POND 1259
ABSTRACT 1259
KEYWORDS 1259
INTRODUCTION 1259
EXPERIMENTS 1261
CONCLUDING COMMENTS 1262
AOKNCWLEDGEMENTS 1263
REFERENCES 1263
MARGINAL STABILITY CRITERION FOR SALT GRADIENT SOLAR PONDS 1264
ABSTRACT 1264
KEYWORDS 1264
INTRODUCTlON 1264
ELWELL'S ANALYSIS 1265
COMPUTATION OF SALT CONCENTRATION PROFILES FOR MARGINAL STABILITY OF THE NCZ 1265
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1268
NOMENCLATURE 1268
REFERENCES 1269
MEASUREMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EARTH IN SITU 1271
ABSTRACT 1271
KEYWORDS 1271
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 1271
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 1272
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1273
RESULTS 1273
DISCUSSION 1275
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1275
REFERENCES 1275
ANALYSIS OF SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN SOILS BELOW SOLAR PONDS 1276
ABSTRACT 1276
KEYWORDS 1276
INTRODUCTION 1276
THEORY 1277
RESULTS 1278
CONCLUSIONS 1280
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1280
REFERENCES 1280
EFFECT OF THERMAL TRAP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGROUND SHALLOW SOLAR POND 1281
ABSTRACT 1281
INTRODUCTION 1281
ANALYSIS 1282
NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1284
NOMENCLARURE 1285
REFERENCES 1285
THE DESIGN OF A MOBILE RUGGED OUTDOOR SOLAR COLLECTOR TEST FACILITY 1287
THE DESIGN OF A MOBILE RUGGED OUTDOOR SOLAR COLLECTOR TEST FACILITY 1287
ABSTRACT 1287
KEYWORDS 1287
OBJECTIVES 1287
DESIGN 1288
CONCLUSION 1290
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1291
REFERENCES 1291
ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS AT CANADA'S NATIONAL SOLAR TEST FACILITY 1292
ABSTRACT 1292
KEY WORDS 1292
INTRODUCTION 1292
SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR TESTING 1294
SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS TESTING 1295
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AND POWER SYSTEMS TESTING 1296
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1296
REFERENCES 1296
COLLECTOR DEGRADATION EVALUATED BY ANALYSIS OF DRY EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE 1297
ABSTRACT 1297
KEY WORDS 1297
INTRODUCTION 1297
METHODS FOR DATA ANALYSIS 1298
CONCLUSION 1301
REFERENCES 1301
APPLICATION OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO SOLAR COLLECTORS 1302
ABSTRACT 1302
KEYWORDS 1302
INTRODUCTION 1302
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 1303
RESULTS 1304
CONCLUSIONS 1307
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1307
REFERENCES 1307
CORRECTING FOR HEADER HEAT LOSSES WHEN TESTING SOLAR COLLECTORS 1308
ABSTRACT 1308
KEYWORDS 1308
NOMENCLATURE 1308
INTRODUCTION 1309
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF .1 AND .2 1309
APPLICATION OF . AT OTHER FLOWRATES 1310
UNCERTAINTY IN THE CORRECTION PROCEDURE 1310
SUMMARY 1310
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1311
REFERENCES 1311
APPENDIX A Derivation of Equation 1 1311
APPENDIX B Example of a Header Heat Loss Correction 1311
THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE LEVEL ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTS OF SOLAR COLLECTORS 1313
ABSTRACT 1313
KEYWORDS 1313
INTRODUCTION 1313
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION 1314
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1315
REFERENCES 1315
EFFECTS OF SOLAR SIMULATOR LAMP SPECTRUM ON SOLAR COLLECTOR TEST RESULTS 1318
ABSTRACT 1318
KEYWORDS 1318
INTRODUCTION 1318
EVALUATION OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND RESULTS 1319
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1320
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1320
REFERENCES 1320
THE TESTING OF AN EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTOR WITH A HEAT PIPE UNDER TRANSIENT CONDITIONS 1323
ABSTRACT 1323
KEYWORDS 1323
INTRODUCTION 1323
THE THEORETICAL MODEL 1323
THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1324
CONCLUSIONS 1327
REFERENCES 1327
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS AND FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS IN THERMOSYPHONING SYSTEMS 1328
ABSTRACT 1328
KEYWORDS 1328
INTRODUCTION 1328
SIMULATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1330
RESULTS 1330
CONCLUSIONS 1331
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1332
REFERENCES 1332
COMPARATIVE TEST OF SOME EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS 1333
ABSTRACT 1333
KEYWORDS 1333
INTRODUCTION 1333
THE TESTING CIRCUIT 1334
THE EFFICIENCY CURVE 1334
OTHER EVALUATIONS 1335
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1335
REFERENCES 1337
SOLAR SELECTIVE TiNxOy AND CrNxOy FILMS PREPARED BY DC REACTIVE SPUTTERING 1338
ABSTRACT 1338
KEYWORDS 1338
INTRODUCTION 1338
METHODS 1339
RESULTS 1339
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1342
REFERENCES 1342
CERMET A1 - Cr2O3/SiO2 POUR LA CONVERSION HELIOTHERMIQUE 1343
RESUME 1343
MOTS CLE 1343
INTRODUCTION 1343
PROCEDE EXPERIMENTAL 1344
RESULTATS ET CONCLUSIONS 1346
REFERENCES 1347
COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE BLACK COBALT SOLAR RECEIVER SURFACES 1348
ABSTRACT 1348
KEYWORDS 1348
INTRODUCTION 1348
EXPERIMENTAL 1348
RESULTS 1351
CONCLUSIONS 1352
REFERENCES 1352
EFFET DE LA NATURE DU SUPPORT ET DE LA TEMPERATURE SUR LES PROPRIETES THERMO-OPTIQUES DES SURFACES SELECTIVES RUGUEUSES DE CHROME METAL 1353
RESUME 1353
INTRODUCTION 1353
PREPARATION DE LA SURFACE RUGUEUSE 1353
MORPHOLOGIE DES SURFACES 1354
MESURE DES PROPRIETES OPTIQUES 1354
RESULTATS 1355
DISCUSSION 1356
CONCLUSIONS 1357
REMERCIEMENTS 1357
REFERENCES 1357
LOW EMITTANCE SOLAR SELECTIVE SURFACES BASED ON AMORPHOUS GERMANIUM 1358
ABSTRACT 1358
KEYWORDS 1358
INTRODUCTION 1358
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 1361
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1362
CONCLUSION 1365
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1365
REFERENCES 1365
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON SOLAR SELECTIVE PROPERTIES 1367
ABSTRACT 1367
KEYWORDS 1367
INTRODUCTION 1367
METHODS 1368
RESULTS 1368
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1371
REFERENCES 1371
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSPARENT SHEETS AND FILMS 1372
ABSTRACT 1372
KEYWORDS 1372
INTRODUCTION 1372
TESTING METHODOLOGY 1373
MATERIALS 1373
RESULTS 1373
CONCLUSION 1375
REFERENCES 1375
TRANSLUCENT INSULATION MATERIALS 1377
ABSTRACT 1377
KEYWORDS 1377
INTRODUCTION 1377
TRANSMITTANCE OF INSULATING MATERIALS 1378
INSULATING PROPERTIES OF TRANSLUCENT MATERIALS 1378
CONCLUSIONS FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 1380
EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION 1380
CONCLUSION 1382
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1382
LITERATURE 1382
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DOUBLE LAYERED SOLAR WATER DISTILLER 1383
ABSTRACT 1383
KEYWORDS 1383
INTRODUCTION 1383
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME 1384
CONCLUSION 1388
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1388
NOMENCLATURE 1388
REFERENCES 1389
A COMMUNITY SOLAR STILL IN HAITI 1390
ABSTRACT 1390
KEYWORDS 1390
INTRODUCTION 1390
THE SITE 1391
THE PROCESS 1391
THE DESIGN 1391
ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS 1392
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS 1394
LESSONS LEARNED 1394
REFERENCES 1394
A MULTIWICK SOLAR DISTILLATION PLANT 1395
ABSTRACT 1395
KEYWORDS 1395
INTRODUCTION 1395
DESIGN OF FRP MULTIWICK SOLAR STILL 1396
INSTALLATION OF DISTILLATION PLANT 1398
COST ANALYSIS OF FRP SYSTEM 1400
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1400
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1400
REFERENCES 1400
PERIODICALLY ADJUSTED SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR MEDIUM TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS 1401
ABSTRACT 1401
KEYWORDS 1401
INTRODUCTION 1402
PERIODICALLY ADJUSTED COLLECTORS 1402
COMPUTER EVALUATION OF PAC CONFIGURATION 1402
RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS 1403
RELATIVE COST-EFFECTIVENESS 1403
PROTOTYPE COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 1404
CONCLUSIONS 1405
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1405
REFERENCES 1405
A SPHERICAL CONCENTRATING SOLAR COLLECTOR USING LIQUID METALS FOR INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES 1406
ABSTRACT 1406
KEYWORDS 1406
NOMENCLATURE 1406
INTRODUCTION 1407
SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 1408
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1409
CONCLUSION 1410
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1410
REFERENCES 1410
STUDIES ON FLOW BOILING IN AN INCLINED TUBE WITH REFERENCE TO SOLAR COLLECTORS 1412
ABSTRACT 1412
KEYWORDS 1412
INTRODUCTION 1412
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 1412
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1413
CONCLUSIONS 1416
REFERENCES 1416
FREE FORMING OF PSEUDO PARABOLOIDAL REFLECTING SURFACES 1417
ABSTRACT 1417
KEY WORDS 1417
INTRODUCTION 1417
FABRICATION METHOD 1417
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1418
REFERENCE 1420
Vol 3 1421
Front Cover 1421
INTERSOL 85 1424
Copyright Page 1425
Table of Contents 1428
GENERAL CONTENTS TO THE PROCEEDINGS 1426
Pergamon Titles of Related Interest 1423
Related Journals 1423
CHAPTER 4. SOLAR THERMAL POWER 1436
THE THERMO-ELECTRIC CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY 1438
ABSTRACT 1438
KEYWORDS 1438
INTRODUCTION 1438
PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES IMPLEMENTED 1439
SYSTEMS WITHOUT CONCENTRATORS 1441
INSTALLATIONS WITH DISTRIBUTED COLLECTORS 1441
CENTRAL RECEIVER PLANTS 1445
ASSESSMENT AND PERSPECTIVES 1452
CONCLUSION 1455
REFERENCES 1455
PERFORMANCE AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE OF THE SOLAR TOTAL ENERGY PROJECT AT SHENANDOAH, GEORGIA 1457
ABSTRACT 1457
KEYWORDS 1457
INTRODUCTION 1457
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1458
SOLIPH ANNUAL SIMULATION 1460
CONCLUSIONS 1461
REFERENCES 1461
FINAL REAL APPROACH TO CESA-I SIMULATION 1462
ABSTRACT 1462
KEYWORDS 
1462 
INTRODUCTION TO THE CESA-I PROJECT 1462
CESA-I SIMULATION PROGRAM 1463
CESA-I PROGRAM REAL ADJUSTEMENT 1463
CESA-I REAL PLANT SIMULATION 1464
CONCLUSIONS 1466
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1466
REFERENCES 1466
THEMIS SOLAR POWER PLANT FIRST EVALUATION RESULTS 1467
ABSTRACT 1467
RESUME 1467
KEYWORDS 1467
INTRODUCTION 1467
POWER RESULTS 1468
ENERGY BALANCES 
1469 
TECHNOLOGICAL LESSONS AND POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT 1470
CONCLUSIONS 1471
REFERENCES 1471
OPERATING EXPERIENCE OF A DEMONSTRATION SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVER POWER PLANT (C-6) 1472
ABSTRACT 1472
KEYWORDS 1472
INTRODUCTION 1473
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 1473
PERFORMANCE OF THE PLANT 1474
CONCLUSIONS 1475
REFERENCES 1475
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH OF 1 MWe SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER PILOT PLANTS 1478
ABSTRACT 1478
KEYWORDS 1478
INTRODUCTION 1478
OUTLINE OF TWO PILOT PLANTS 1479
OPERATIONS OF TWO PILOT PLANTS 1481
REFERENCES 1481
DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR ELECTRIC GENERATING STATION I AT DAGGETT, CALIFORNIA 1483
ABSTRACT 1483
KEYWORDS 1483
INTRODUCTION 1483
SOLAR COLLECTOR FIELD 1483
BALANCE OF PLANT SYSTEMS 1485
SYSTEM OPERATION 1485
CONCLUSION 1486
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1486
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE "GAST" TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM 1488
ABSTRACT 1488
KEYWORDS 1488
INTRODUCTION 1488
"GAST" PILOT PLANT REFERENCE CONCEPT 1489
TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM "GAST" 1489
CONCLUSION 1494
REFERENCES 1494
PARABOLIC DISH TEST SITE OF JPL, HISTORY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE 1495
ABSTRACT 1495
KEY WORDS 1495
TESTING OF PARABOLIC DISH CONCENTRATORS 1496
COMPONENT TESTING 1497
SOLAR POWER MODULE TESTING 1498
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1499
REFERENCES 1499
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1499
MEASUREMENT OF HIGH DENSITY IRRADIATION IN SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVER POWER PLANTS 1500
ABSTRACT 1500
KEYWORDS 1500
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1500
MECHANICAL PARTS 1501
DATA PROCESSING 1503
DATA OUTPUT 1503
CONCLUSIONS 1504
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1505
REFERENCES 1505
BASIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS AT THE SHENANDOAH STEP 1506
ABSTRACT 1506
KEYWORDS 1506
INTRODUCTION 1506
SOLAR RADIATION MODELING 1506
OPTICAL EVALUATION OF CONCENTRATORS 1508
REFERENCES 1509
HELIOSTAT FLUX MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS AT THE THEMIS SOLAR PLANT 1511
RESUME 1511
ABSTRACT 1511
KEYWORDS 1511
OBJECTIVES 1511
TESTING FACILITIES 1512
POINTING ERRORS DISTRIBUTIONS 1512
HELIOSTAT IMAGE FLUX DISTRIBUTION 
1514 
REFERENCES 
1515 
POSSIBLE COST ADVANTAGE OF A PARABOLOID/HYPERBOLIC TRUMPET TANDEM SOLAR CONCENTRATOR 1516
ABSTRACT 1516
KEYWORDS 1516
INTRODUCTION 1516
CONCENTRATOR OPTICS 1517
COLLECTOR MODEL 1517
RESULTS 1518
DISCUSSION 1519
CONCLUSIONS 1519
REFERENCES 1520
FILM STABILITY FOR DIRECT ABSORPTION RECEIVERS 1521
ABSTRACT 1521
KEYWORDS 1521
INTRODUCTION 1521
ABSORBING MEDIUM - MOLTEN SALT 1522
MEAN FILM THICKNESS - FLOW RATE RELATION 1522
MINIMUM FILM THICKNESS 1523
CONCLUSIONS 1524
REFERENCES 1525
POSSIBILITES DES FOURS SOLAIRES ALIMENTES PAR FIBRES OPTIQUES 1526
RESUME 1526
MOTS CLEFS 1526
INTRODUCTION 1526
CAS IDEAL 1527
CAS PRATIQUE 1528
CONCLUSION 1530
REFERENCES 1530
THE ADVANCED SODIUM RECEIVER TRANSIENT RESPONSE 1531
1. INTRODUCTION 1531
2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ASR RECEIVER 1531
3. RECEIVER TRANSIENT RESPONSE 1532
4. COMPARISON WITH SIMULATED RESULTS 1533
5. RECEIVER TRANSFER FUNCTION 1533
6. CONTROLS 1534
7. CONCLUSIONS 1536
8. REFERENCES 1536
THE ADVANCED ALICE SPRINGS SOLAR POND 1538
ABSTRACT 1538
KEYWORDS 1538
INTRODUCTION 1538
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 1539
ADVANCED SOLAR POND PERFORMANCE 1540
ORC ENGINE 1541
INSTRUMENTATION 1541
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1541
EXPERIENCES WITH HONEYCOMB STABILIZED SOLAR PONDS FOR HEAT AND POWER GENERATION 1543
ABSTRACT 1543
KEYWORDS 1543
EXPERIENCE WITH THE MARK I - III PONDS 1543
DISCUSSION 1545
FUTURE TRENDS 1546
REFERENCES 1547
SIZING THE SMALL–SCALE SOLAR POND (SSSP) 1548
ABSTRACT 1548
KEYTORDS 1548
NOMENCLATURE 1548
INTRODUCTION 1549
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1550
CONCLUSIONS 1553
REFERENCES 1553
SIMULATION D'UN ÉTANG SOLAIRE D'UNE CAPACITÉ DE 104 GJ INSTALLÉ À MONTRÉAL 1554
SOMMAIRE 1554
INTRODUCTION 1554
TRANSMISSION DU RAYONNEMENT SOLAIRE 1555
TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR DANS L'ÉTANG 1555
RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION 1556
CONCLUSION 1558
RÉFÉRENCES 1558
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOLAR PONDS. HYBRID THERMAL AND ELECTRIC STORAGE 1559
ABSTRACT 1559
KEYWORDS 1559
INTRODUCTION 1559
TOPICS 1560
TESTING DEVICES. EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND RESULTS. 1561
CONCLUSIONS 1563
REFERENCES 1563
SOLAR POND HEAT REMOVAL USING A SUBMERGED HEAT EXCHANGER 1564
ABSTRACT 1564
KEYWORDS 1564
INTRODUCTION 1564
HEAT EXTRACTION SYSTEM 1565
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 1566
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1568
REFERENCES 1568
THE FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR POND POWER GENERATION IN OUTBACK QUEENSLAND - AUSTRALIA 1569
ABSTRACT 1569
KEYWORDS 1569
INTRODUCTION 1569
SOLORC SIMULATION PROGRAMME 1569
INPUTS 1570
RESULTS 1572
CONCLUSIONS 1572
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1572
REFERENCES 1572
SALT GRADIENT SOLAR POND FOR A GREENHOUSE HEATING APPLICATION 1574
ABSTRACT 1574
KEYWORDS 1574
I - POND REPAIR 1574
II - POND START UP 1575
Ill - POND OPERATION AND MEASUREMENTS 1576
IV - CONTROL OF WIND EFFECTS ON UCZ 1577
V - POND PERFORMANCE PREDICTION 1578
REFERENCES 1578
APPENDIX 1579
OPEN CYCLE OTEC NON-CONDENSIBLE GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS 1580
ABSTRACT 1580
KEYWORDS 1580
INTRODUCTION 1580
METHODS 1581
RESULTS 1582
DISCUSSION 1583
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1584
REFERENCES 1584
MEASUREMENTS OF GAS SORPTION FROM SEAWATER AND THE INFLUENCE OF GAS RELEASE ON OPEN-CYCLE OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OC-OTEC) SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1585
ABSTRACT 1585
KEYWORDS 1585
BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 1585
EXPERIMENTAL SET–UP 
1586 
RESULTS 1587
CONCLUSIONS 1589
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 1589
REFERENCES 1589
DIRECT CONTACT SPRAY CONDENSERS FOR OPEN CYCLE OTEC 1590
ABSTRACT 1590
INTRODUCTION 1590
NOMENCLATURE 1591
HEAT ABSORPTION BY WATER DROPLETS 1591
GAS FILM RESISTANCE 1592
COUNTERCURRENT CONDENSER ANALYSIS 1593
APPENDIX: VAPOR TEMPERATURE AS FUNCTION OF NONCONDENSIBLE 1594
REFERENCES 1594
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF A SHORE-BASED OTEC PLANT 1595
ABSTRACT 1595
KEYWORDS 1595
INTRODUCTION 1595
SYSTEM DESIGN 1595
COLD WATER PIPE INSTALLATION 1597
COST ESTIMATION 1599
CONCLUSIONS 1599
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1600
REFERENCES 1600
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS OF SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE IN GAS COOLED CENTRAL RECEIVER PLANTS 1601
ABSTRACT 1601
KEYWORDS 1601
SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE IN SOLID SYSTEMS 1601
THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF A STORAGE MODULE 1602
MODULE PERFORMANCE IN A BRAYTON CYCLE 1604
CONCLUSIONS 1605
REFERENCES 1605
SOLAR/WIND POWER PLANTS 1606
ABSTRACT 1606
KEYWORDS 1606
INTRODUCTION 1606
SOLAR ENERGY 1606
BASIC CONCEPT 1607
OPERATION 1608
50 kW DEMONSTRATION PLANT 1608
COSTS AND ECONOMICS 1609
CONCLUSIONS 1610
ESSENTIAL REFERENCES 1610
CHAPTER 5. PHOTOVOLTAICS 1612
Recent Advances in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cellsand Their Technologies 1614
ABSTRACT 1614
KEYWORDS 1614
UNIQUE PROPERTY AND ADVANTAGES OF a-Si AS A LOW COST SOLAR CELL MATERIAL 
1614 
ASPECT OF APPLICATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 1619
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1620
REFERENCES 1620
NEW GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES 1622
ABSTRACT 1622
KEYWORDS 1622
INTRODUCTION 1622
RECENT PROGRESS 1624
CONCLUSIONS 1626
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1626
REFERENCES 1626
TEXTURED AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS 1627
ABSTRACT 1627
KEYWORDS 1627
INTRODUCTION 1627
SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE OF TEXTURE EFFECTS 1628
DEPTH DEPENDENCE OF TEXTURE EFFECTS 1629
REFERENCES 1631
BACK SURFACE FIELD SOLAR CELLS: A SENSITIVITY STUDY OF DESIGN PARAMETERS 1632
ABSTRACT 1632
KEYWORDS 1632
INTRODUCTION 1632
BACK SURFACE RECOMBINATION 1633
BSF DOPING PROFILE 1633
BSF THICKNESS AND CELL THICKNESS 1634
CONCLUSION 1635
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 1636
REFERENCES 1636
VARIABLE INJECTION MODEL FOR BIFACIAL CELLS 1637
ABSTRACT 1637
KEY WORDS 1637
INTRODUCTION 1637
THEORY 1638
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1639
REFERENCES 1641
EFFECTS OF AREA INCREASE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL PERFORMANCE AND PROCESSING 1642
INTRODUCTION 1642
DISCUSSION 1642
CONCLUSION 1645
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1645
REFERENCES 1646
THE INFLUENCE OF TERRESTRIAL SOLAR SPECTRA ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SINGLE AND MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS 1647
ABSTRACT 1647
KEYWORDS 1647
INTRODUCTION 1647
MODEL APPROACH 1647
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 1648
FUTURE WORK 1650
REFERENCES 1651
DIFFUSION OF DONORELEMENTS(Sb,P) IN POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON 1652
ABSTRACT 1652
KEYWORDS 1652
INTRODUCTION 1652
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 1653
RESULTS 1654
CONCLUSIONS 1656
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1656
REFERENCES 1656
COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM LAYER THICKNESS AND AR REFRACTIVE INDICES IN MIS CELL STRUCTURES 1657
ABSTRACT 1657
KEYWORDS 1657
INTRODUCTION 1657
THEORETICAL 1658
COMPUTER PROGRAMS 1659
RESULTS 1660
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1662
REFERENCES 1662
Development of Large-Size and Light-Weight PV Modules 1663
ABSTRACT 1663
KEYWORD 1663
INTRODUCTION 1663
COST-DOWN OF ARRAY INSTALLATION 1663
WEIGHT COMPARISON WITH NORMAL MODULE STRUCTURE 1666
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS 1666
REFERENCES 1667
OPTIMIZING THE OPERATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS POWERED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERTERS 1668
ABSTRACT 1668
KEYWORDS 1668
INTRODUCTION 1668
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM 1668
OPTIMIZATION OF MOTOR OPERATION 1669
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 1670
CONCLUSIONS 1671
REFERENCES 1672
ELECTRICAL STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS 1673
Abstract 1673
Keywords 1673
Introduction 
1673 
References 
1681 
STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF BATTERY STORAGE IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 1683
ABSTRACT 1683
KEY WORDS 1683
THE MODEL 1683
RESULTS 1686
DETERMINISTIC MODELS 1687
CONCLUSIONS 1688
REFERENCES 1688
DESIGN FOR A LOW COST DURABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC BATTERY CHARGER 1689
ABSTRACT 1689
KEYWORDS 1689
INTRODUCTION 1689
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING PHOTOVOLTAIC BATTERY CHARGERS 1689
A PHOTOVOLTAIC BATTERY CHARGER 1691
CONCLUSION 1693
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1693
INSOLATION MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRIC UTILITY WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF DISPERSED PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION 1694
ABSTRACT 1694
KEYWORDS 1694
INTRODUCTION 1694
INSOLATION MODEL 1695
CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS 1695
SIMULATION 1696
EXAMPLE 1696
USE OF THE INSOLATION DATA 1698
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1698
REFERENCES 1698
CALCULATION OF THE CELL TEMPERATURE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES FROM CLIMATIC DATA 1699
ABSTRACT 1699
KEYWORDS 1699
INTRODUCTION 1699
SIMPLE THERMAL MODEL 1700
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1700
RESULTS 1701
CONCLUSIONS 1701
REFERENCES 1702
FLAT-PLATE VERSUS CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM--COMPARATIVE INSOLATION, ENERGY PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 1703
ABSTRACT 1703
KEYWORDS 1703
INTRODUCTION 1703
METHODOLOGY 1704
COMPARISONS OF DELIVERED ENERGY BETWEEN SYSTEMS 1704
COMPARISONS OF COST OF DELIVERED ENERGY BETWEEN SYSTEMS 1705
CONCLUSIONS 1705
REFERENCES 1706
PHOTOVOLTAIC CONCENTRATOR ARRAY EVALUATION 1708
ABSTRACT 1708
KEYWORDS 1708
INTRODUCTION 1708
CONCENTRATOR ARRAYS UNDER EVALUATION 1709
ARRAY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 1710
SUMMARY 1712
REFERENCES 1712
DEVELOPMENT OF A CROSSED LENS PHOTOVOLTAIC CONCENTRATOR 1713
ABSTRACT 1713
KEYWORDS 1713
MODULE DESCRIPTION AND PROTOTYPE TEST RESULTS 1713
SUMMARY 1715
REFERENCES 1715
DEVELOPMENT OF A STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC COLLECTORSYSTEM USING FRESNEL LENS AIR-COOLED CONCENTRATORS 1718
ABSTRACT 1718
KEYWORDS 1718
MODULE/ARRAY DESCRIPTION AND TEST RESULTS 1718
REFERENCES 1720
SECOND GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC CONCENTRATING SYSTEMS 1723
ABSTRACT 1723
KEYWORDS 1723
INTRODUCTION 1723
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1724
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1725
THE SYSTEMS 1725
OPERATING EFFICIENCIES 1726
CONCLUSIONS 1727
REFERENCES 1727
MAXIMALLY CONCENTRATING OPTICS FOR SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION 1728
ABSTRACT 1728
KEYWORDS 1728
INTRODUCTION 1728
APPLICATIONS 1730
SUMMARY 1731
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1732
REFERENCES 1732
SEASONAL PERFORMANCE OF REFLECTOR AUGMENTED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES 1733
ABSTRACT 1733
KEYWORDS 1733
INTRODUCTION 1733
EXPERIMENTAL 1733
DISCUSSION 1736
CONCLUSIONS 1736
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1736
REFERENCES 1736
COMPARISON OF COLLECTORS FOR A MANUALLY-POSITIONED CONCENTRATING P.V. WATER PUMP 1738
ABSTRACT 1738
KEYWORDS 1738
INTRODUCTION 1738
COLLECTOR TYPES 1738
COMPARISON OF COLLECTORS 1740
UNCERTAINTIES 1741
OPPORTUNITIES 1742
CONCLUSIONS 1742
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1742
REFERENCES 1742
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR PUMP 1743
ABSTRACT 1743
KEYWORDS 1743
INTRODUCTION 1743
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 1743
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 1745
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1747
CONCLUSION 1748
CONSTANT PRESSURE AND FLOW SOLAR PUMPING SYSTEM 1749
ABSTRACT 1749
KEYWORDS 1749
WORKING PRINCIPLE 1749
SYSTEM DESIGN 1749
EXPERIMENT 1750
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION 1750
RESULTS 1750
- ENERGETIC ASPECT 1750
- ENERGETIC ASPECT 1751
TEST METHODS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS 1752
ABSTRACT 1752
KEYWORDS 1752
BACKGROUND 1752
THE TEST FACILITY 1753
PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES FOR PV PUMPING SYSTEMS 1753
DETERMINATION OF ALL DAY PERFORMANCE 1755
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PUMPING SYSTEMS 1756
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1756
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1756
REFERENCES 1756
PHOTOVOLTAIC PROSPECTS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION 1757
ABSTRACT 1757
KEYWORDS 1757
INTRODUCTION 1757
HOUSEHOLD OR VILLAGE SYSTEMS? 1758
TECHNICAL ASPECTS 1759
ECONOMIC ASPECTS 1759
FINANCIAL ASPECTS 1761
CONCLUSIONS 1762
REFERENCES 1762
THE SPANISH P.V. MARKET. TECHNICAL AND SOCIOECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF ITS SHARE IN RURAL ELECTRIFICATION 1763
ABSTRACT 1763
KEY WORDS 1763
INTRODUCTION 1763
THE SPANISH PHOTOVOLTAIC MARKET 1764
A REPRESENTATIVE REGION: SIERRA DE SEGURA 1765
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1767
NOTES AND REFERENCES 1767
EVALUATION OF WORLDWIDE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROJECTS 1768
ABSTRACT 1768
KEYWORDS 1768
INTRODUCTION 1768
METHODOLOGY 1769
RESULTS 1769
CONCLUSIONS 1772
THE ECONOMICS OF REMOTE PHOTOVOLTAIC / GENERATOR SYSTEMS 1773
ABSTRACT 1773
KEYWORDS 1773
INTRODUCTION 1773
RESULTS 1774
CONCLUSIONS 1776
REFERENCES 1777
APPENDIX A - EDITED BASE RUN DATA 1777
PHOTOVOLTAICS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 1778
ABSTRACT 1778
KEY WORDS 1778
INTRODUCTION 1778
DISCUSSION 1778
CONCLUSIONS 1781
REFERENCES 1781
SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOR REMOTE COMMUNITY 1783
ABSTRACT 1783
KEYWORDS 1783
INTRODUCTION 1783
PROJECT'S ENVIRONMENT 1783
SIMULATION SOFTWARE 1784
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF THE PLANT 1784
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON A REAL YEAR 1785
AUXILIARY SOURCE 1785
CONCLUSION 1786
REFERENCES 1786
MARKET ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM POTENTIAL IN EGYPT 1787
ABSTRACT 1787
KEYWORDS 1787
INTRODUCTION 1787
ECONOMIC AND MARKET ANALYSIS 1788
ACTIVITIES TO DATE 
1789 
Utilization of PV Systems and Their Market in the Republic of Korea 1792
ABSTRACT 1792
KEYWORDS 1792
INTRODUCTION 1792
THE KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY AND RESOURCES 1793
ACHADO ISLAND PV POWER SYSTEM 1794
MARITIME AND TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS 1794
PV POWER FOR ISOLATED ISLANDS 1795
INDUSTRIES 1795
CONCLUSION 1796
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1796
REFERENCES 1796
EXPERIENCE WITH A VILLAGE POWER PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF GABON 1797
ABSTRACT 1797
KEYWORDS 1797
INTRODUCTION 1797
PROJECT SUMMARY 1797
SYSTEM SIZING 1798
SYSTEMS DESIGNS SUMMARY 1799
ARRAY SUBSYSTEM DESIGN DESCRIPTION 1800
OBSERVATIONS ON DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 1801
EARLY RESULTS 1801
REFERENCE 1801
COMMUNITY BASED POWER PLANTS (PHOTOVOLTAIC POWERED) 1802
Abstract 1802
Keywords 1802
Introduction 1802
Midwest economy 1804
Road Blocks 1805
Models 1805
Conclusion 1806
Acknowledgements 1806
References 1806
FIELD EXPERIENCE AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NOVEL PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL HYBRID SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR 1807
ABSTRACT 1807
KEYWORDS 1807
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES 1807
SUMMARY OF MEIHODOLOGY 1808
RESULTS 1809
CONCLUSIONS 1811
REFRENCES 1811
FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1812
ABSTRACT 1812
KEYWORDS 1812
INTRODUCTION 1812
OBJECTIVES 1813
METHODOLOGY 1813
RESULTS 1815
ECONOMICS 1817
CONCLUSION 1818
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1818
REFERENCES 1818
PHOTOVOLTAIC-POWERED VACCINE REFRIGERATOR - FREEZER SYSTEMS FIELD TEST RESULTS SUMMARY 1819
ABSTRACT 1819
KEY WORDS 1819
INTRODUCTION 1819
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1820
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SUMMARY 1821
OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY SUMMARY 1823
CONCLUDING REMARKS 1823
PERFORMANCE OF 600 LUMEN SOLAR POWERED LUMINAIRE DESIGNED FOR USE IN NON–ELECTRIFIED HOMES 1824
ABSTRACT 1824
KEYWORDS 1824
INTRODUCTION 1824
LUMINAIRE DESIGN 1824
OPTICAL PERFORMANCE 1826
ENERGY PERFORMANCE 1827
CONCLUSION 1828
REFERENCE 1828
PERFORMANCE OF A GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT IN SWEDEN 1829
ABSTRACT 
1829 
KEY WORDS 1829
INTRODUCTION 1829
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1830
RESULTS 1830
CONCLUSIONS 1833
REFERENCES 1833
PREDICTING FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES FROM ACCELERATED THERMAL AND ULTRAVIOLET AGING DATA 1834
ABSTRACT 1834
KEY WORDS 1834
BACKGROUND 1834
INTRODUCTION 1835
CONCLUSIONS 1838
REFERENCES 1838
KORTRIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM 1839
ABSTRACT 1839
KEYWORDS 1839
INTRODUCTION 1839
SYSTEM DESIGN 1840
INSTALLATION AND START-UP TESTING 1841
LONG TERM PERFORMANCE MONITORING 1842
FUTURE WORK AT THE KORTRIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION 1844
CHAPTER 6. BIOMASS 1846
STATE OF THE ART IN BIOCONVERSION 1848
WHERE ARE WE NOW? 1848
WHERE ARE WE HEADED? 1850
WHERE SHOULD WE BE HEADED? 1851
THE CHALLENGE 1851
REFERENCES 1852
1000 HA - 1 MW ENERGY PLANTATION AND GASIFIER ENGINE GENERATOR SYSTEM AT NALIYA IN THE KUTCH DISTRICT OF GUJARAT, INDIA 1853
ABSTRACT 1853
KEYWORDS 1853
INTRODUCTION 1853
PROSPECTS FOR ENERGY PLANTATION 1854
THE GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEM 1857
MODE OF EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT 1857
ECONOMICS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 1858
REFERENCES 1858
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION TO A VILLAGE BASED ON INDIGENOUS SOURCES 1859
1. ABSTRACT 1859
2. KEYWORDS 1859
3. INTRODUCTION 1859
4. THE BIOGAS PLANT 1861
5. THE COGENERATION PLANT 1862
6. OPERATION RESULTS 1862
7. DISCUSSION OF OPERATION RESULTS 1863
8. THE REFERENCE LIST 1865
A SMALL SCALE BRIQUETTER FOR DENSIFYING BIOMASS RESIDUES 1866
ABSTRACT 1866
KEYWORDS 1866
INTRODUCTION 1866
BRIQUETTER DESCRIPTION 1867
BRIQUETTER OPERATION 1868
BRIQUETTE COMPOSITION 1869
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING THE BRIQUETTES 1869
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1869
CONCLUSIONS 1870
REFERENCES 1870
TWO-STAGE BIOMASS LIQUEFACTION PROCESS 1871
ABSTRACT 1871
KEY WORDS 1871
INTRODUCTION 1871
EXPERIMENTAL 1871
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1872
CONCLUSION 1872
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1872
REFERENCES 1872
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BIOMASS GASIFIERS FOR IRRIGATION WATER PUMPING AND POWER GENERATION IN INDIA 1876
ABSTRACT 1876
KEYWORDS 1876
INTRODUCTION 1876
JYOTI GASIFIER BASED SYSTEMS 1877
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 1878
ECONOMICS OF GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS 1879
CONCLUSION 1880
ENERGIE TOTALE PAR GAZEIFICATION DU BOIS J.C. BARBAUD, D. MARCHIO, B. PEUPORTIER 1881
ABSTRACT 1881
RESUME 1881
MOTS CLES : ENERGIE RENOUVELABLE BIOMASSE
DESCRIPTION DU SYSTEME 
1881 
ETUDE TECHNICO-ECONOMIQUE 1882
CONCLUSIONS 1884
REFERENCES 1884
PURIFICATION OF BIOGAS BY MEMBRANE AND ADSORPTION METHODS 1886
ABSTRACT 1886
KEYWORDS 1886
INTRODUCTION 1886
CHOICE OF BIOGAS SEPARATION METHODS 1887
WATER VAPOUR REMOVAL 1887
HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL 1888
ABSORPTION METHODS FOR CO SEPARATION 1888
ADSORPTION METHODS FOR CO SEPARATION 1889
MEMBRANE SEPARATION 1890
REFERENCES 1890
SYSTEME BIOTECHNOLOGIQUE SOLAIRE COMBINE POUR LA PRODUCTION DE BIOMASSE D'ALGUES ET L'EPURATION DES EAUX USEES: ASPECTS BIOTECHNOLOGIQ 1891
RESUME 1891
INTRODUCTION 1891
MATERIEL ET METHODES 1892
CONSIDERATIONS TECHNICO-ECONOMIQUES 1892
CONCLUSION 1894
REMERCIEMENTS 1894
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 1895
THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIOLOGICAL SOLAR COLLECTOR 1896
ABSTRACT 1896
KEYWORDS 1896
INTRODUCTION 1896
DESCRIPTION OF TEST PLANT 1896
CRITERIA FOR THE ANALYSIS 1897
RESULTS WITH SIMPLIFIED MODEL 
1898 
CALCULATION OF REQUIRED ENERGY FOR HEATING AND COOLING 1898
CONCLUSION 1899
REFERENCES 1899
CHAPTER 7. CHEMICAL CONVERSION AND STORAGE 1900
CHEMICAL CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY - AN OVERVIEW 1902
ABSTRACT 1902
KEYWORDS 1902
INTRODUCTION 1902
PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 1903
EFFICIENCY LIMITS 1906
MOLECULAR PHOTOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE 1907
PHOTOCHEMICAL REDOX REACTIONS 1908
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1909
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS 1911
MICROHETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS 1912
PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS 1914
HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMAL CONVERTERS 1914
CONCLUSIONS 1915
REFERENCES 1916
PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF PURE AND MIXED MONOLAYERS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 1919
ABSTRACT 1919
KEYWORDS 1919
INTRODUCTION 1919
MATERIALS AND METHODS 1920
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1920
CONCLUSION 1922
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1923
REFERENCES 1923
EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZED PHOTOSENSITIZERS ON PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF NORBORNADIENE 1924
ABSTRACT 1924
KEYWORDS 1924
INTRODUCTION 1924
EXPERIMENTAL 1925
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1925
REFERENCES 1928
PHOTOASSISTED SOLID–CATALYZED REDUCTION OF AIR BY AQUEOUS ORGANIC MATERIALS: A POTENTIALLY PRACTICAL METHOD OF FIXING NITROGEN 1929
ABSTRACT 1929
KEYWORDS 1929
PREVIOUS WORK ON PHOTOASSISTED SOLID–CATALYZED REDUCTION OF N2 N BY WATER 1929
PHOTOCONVERSION EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENT FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1930
THERMODYNAMICS OF REDUCTION OF N2 BY WATER AND BY ISOPROPANOL 
1930 
SURVEY OF EXAMPLES OF DARK AND PHOTOASSISTED SOLID–CATALYZED REDUCTION OF N2 BY AQUEOUS ORGANIC REDUCTANTS 1931
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 1932
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1934
SOLAR SYNTHESIS: NEW TECHNIQUES FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS USING NATURAL SUNLIGHT 1936
ABSTRACT 1936
KEYWORDS 1936
INTRODUCTION 1936
THE SOLARCHEM PROCESS 1937
EXAMPLE I: PHOTOCYCLIZATION 1938
EXAMPLE II: SINGLET OXYGEN REACTIONS 1938
CONCLUSIONS 1940
REFERENCES 1940
SURFACE MODIFIED CdTe PEC CELLS: SOLAR CELL AND SUP-BAND GAP RESPONSE 1941
ABSTRACT 1941
KEYWORDS 
1941 
INTRODUCTION 1941
EXPERIMENTAL 1942
RESULTS 1943
DISCUSSION 1943
CONCLUSION 1944
REFERENCES 1944
PcAlOH PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS: DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT 1946
ABSTRACT 1946
KEY WORDS 1946
INTRODUCTION 1946
CELLS FABRICATION 1947
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1947
CONCLUSION 1947
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1948
REFERENCES 1948
PHOTOOXYDATION D'AMINES PAR LES PHTHALOCYANINES METALLEES 1951
RESUME 1951
ABSTRACT 1951
INTRODUCTION 1951
PARTIE EXPERIMENTALE 
1952 
RESULTATS et DISCUSSION 
1952 
CONCLUSION 1954
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 1954
STATE OF THE ART REVIEW OF SOLAR WATER THERMOLYSIS 1956
ABSTRACT 1956
KEY WORDS 1956
INTRODUCTION 1956
METHOD FOR PROCESS EVALUATION 1956
EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION 1957
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1959
REFERENCES 1960
GESTION DE L'ENERGIE THERMIQUE PAR LES POMPES A CHALEUR CHIMIQUES 1961
RESUME 1961
MOTS CLES 1961
REMERCIEMENTS 1965
REFERENCES 1965
PROBLEMATIQUE DES REACTEURS CHIMIQUES GAZ–SOLIDE MIS EN OEUVRE DANS LES POMPES A CHALEUR CHIMIQUES: COUPLAGE ENTRE VITESSE DE REACTION ET TRANSFERTS 1966
RESUME 1966
MOTS CLES 1966
REMERCIEMENTS 1970
REFERENCES 1970
CHAPTER 93. REACTEUR GAZ-SOLIDE D'UNE POMPE A CHALEUR CHIMIQUE: OPTIMISATION DE LA PUISSANCE EN FONCTION DE LA MISE EN OEUVRE ET DE LA PROPORTION DE LIANT 1971
RESUME 1971
MOTS CLES 1971
CONCLUSIONS 1975
REMERCIEMENTS 1975
REFERENCES 1975
ETUDE DU COUPLAGE D'UN REACTEUR SOLIDE-GAZ D'UNE POMPE A CHALEUR CHIMIQUE AVEC DES CAPTEURS SOLAIRES 1976
RESUME 1976
MOTS-CLES 1976
INTRODUCTION 1976
PRESENTATION DU SYSTEME 1976
MODELISATION DU REACTEUR 1978
MODELISATION ET DIMENSIONNEMENT DU CAPTEUR PLAN 1978
RESULTATS DE SIMULATION 1979
REFERENCES 1980
CLOSED LOOP THERMOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT OPERATIONS USING 2 H2O + CH4 1981
ABSTRACT 1981
KEYWORDS 1981
INTRODUCTION 1981
CLOSED LOOP ENERGY TRANSPORT STUDIES 1982
CARBON PRODUCTION BY SURFACE REACTIONS 1984
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF REFORMING-METHANATION ENERGY TRANSPORT 1984
REFERENCES 1985
NEW SOLAR SYSTEM FOR WATER THERMOLYSIS WITH A HIGH ENERGETIC YIELD 1986
ABSTRACT 1986
RESUME 1986
KEYWORDS 1986
INTRODUCTION 1987
STATE OF THE ART 1987
THERMOLYSIS SYSTEM 1987
RESULTS 1988
REFERENCES 1989
UNITE DE STOCKAGE CHIMIQUE CaC12 -NH -NH4Cl 1991
RESUME 1991
MOTS CLES 1991
INTRODUCTION 1991
PRINCIPE DU STOCKAGE CHIMIQUE UTILISE 1992
RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX 1993
PROTOTYPE DE POMPE A CHALEUR CHIMIQUE 1995
REMERCIEMENTS 1995
CHEMICAL STORAGE OF ENERGY. INVESTIGATION OF THE EXOTHERMIC STEP OF THE SYSTEM MgO, SO3/MgSO4 IN A HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUIDIZED BED 1996
ABSTRACT 1996
RESUME 1996
KEYWORDS 1996
INTRODUCTION 1996
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 
1997 
MODELING 1999
CONCLUSION 2000
REFERENCES 2000
REALISATION D'UN REFRIGERATEUR SOLAIRE UTILISANT DES REACTIONS SOLIDE-GAZ 2001
ABSTRACT 2001
KEYWORDS 2001
1. FONCTIONNEMENT 2001
2. EXPERIENCES 2002
3. BILAN ENERGETIQUE 2005
4. CONCLUSION 2005
REMERCIEMENTS 2005
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 2005
DIRECT RADIANT HEATING OF PARTICLE SUSPENSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUELS AND CHEMICALS USING CONCENTRATED SUNLIGHT 2006
ABSTRACT 2006
KEYWORDS 2006
INTRODUCTION 2006
ANALYTICAL STUDIES 2007
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 2010
CONCLUSION 2011
REFERENCES 2011
LOW TEMPERATURE LATENT HEAT STORAGE WITH MIXTURES CONTAINING MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM SALT HYDRATES 2012
ABSTRACT 2012
KEYWORDS 2012
INTRODUCTION 2012
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE MELTING PCMs 2013
METHOD FOR HINDERING SUPERCOOLING OF .QUASI-EUTECTIC MIXTURES 2013
LOW TEMPERATURE MELTING PCMs 
2014 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2016
REFERENCES 2016
Vol 4 2018
Front Cover 2018
Inersol 85 2021
Copyright Page 2022
Table of Contents 2025
GENERAL CONTENTS TO THE PROCEEDINGS 2023
CHAPTER 8. WIND SYSTEMS 2035
WIND ENERGY, CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS 2037
ABSTRACT 2037
KEYWORDS 2037
INTRODUCTION 2037
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 2038
TECHNIQUE 2039
SITING 2040
ECONOMICS 2040
CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS 2041
REFERENCE 2042
PREDICTION OF AERODYNAMIC LOADS AND PERFORMANCE FOR DARRIEUS VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES 2045
ABSTRACT 2045
KEY WORDS 2045
INTRODUCTION 2045
MOMENTUM STEAM TUBE THEORIES 2045
VORTEX THEORIES 2046
SOME PROBLEMS 2047
CONCLOSION 2049
REFERENCES 2049
lREQ'S AERODYNAMIC MODEL BASED ON TWO ACTUATOR-DISKS THEORY FOR DARRIEUS WIND TURBINES 2050
ABSTRACT 2050
KEYWORDS 2050
INTRODUCTION 2050
CALCULATION PROCEDURE 2051
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 2053
REFERENCES 2054
NEW WIND TURBINE AERODYNAMICS COMPUTATION METHOD AT IREQ 2055
ABSTRACT 2055
KEYWORDS 2055
INTRODUCTION 2055
ROTOR MODEL 2056
WAKE MODEL 2057
RESULTS 2057
CONCLUSION 2058
REFERENCES 2059
MODÉLISATION DE L'ÉCOULEMENT POTENTIEL INSTATIONNAIRE PAR LA MÉTHODE DES SINGULARITÉS 2060
RÉSUMÉ 2060
MOTS CLEFS 2060
INTRODUCTION 2060
MÉTHODE DES SINGULARITÉS 2060
RÉSULTATS 2062
CONCLUSION 2064
RÉFÉRENCES 2064
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIS OF AN OSCILLATING AIRFOIL 2065
ABSTRACT 2065
KEY WORDS 2065
LIST OF SYMBOLS 2065
PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS 2068
RESULTS 2069
AIRFOIL FORCE AND MOMENT COEFFICIENTS 2072
CONCLUSIONS 2073
REFERENCES 2074
REYNOLDS NUMBER DEPENDENCE OF VERTICAL AXIS LOW SOLIDITY WIND TURBINES 2075
ABSTRACT 2075
KEYWORDS 2075
INTRODUCTION 2075
CONCLUSIONS 2077
REFERENCES 2078
ANALYSE EXPERIMENTALE DE L'ÉCOULEMENT TOURBILLONNAIRE AUTOUR D'UNE EOLIENNE DARRIEUS 2080
RESUME 2080
MOTS CLEFS 2080
INTRODUCTION 2080
MONTAGE EXPERIMENTAL ET TECHNIQUES DE MESURE 2081
RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX 2081
CONCLUSIONS 2082
REFERENCES 2082
GUIDELINES AND MODELS FOR ESTIMATING WIND SPEEDS AT WECS SITES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN 2085
ABSTRACT 2085
KEYWORDS 2085
INTRODUCTION 2085
SIMPLE GUIDELINES 2086
A COMPUTER MODEL 2086
COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS 2086
A WIND ENERGY APPLICATION 2087
CONCLUSION 2087
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2090
REFERENCES 2090
AN INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PROCEDURES TO MEASURE AND PROCESS WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE DATA 2091
ABSTRACT 2091
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 2091
RESULTS 2093
CONCLUSIONS 2099
REFERENCES 2100
ADVANCED MULTIMEGAWATT WIND TURBINE GENERATOR GAMMA PROJECT 2101
ABSTRACT 2101
KEYWORDS 2101
INTRODUCTION 2101
TRADE-OFF 2102
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCES 2102
DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2104
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION 2105
ÉOLE, AÉROGÉNÉRATEUR À ... VERTICAL DE 4 MW À CAP-CHAT, QUÉBEC,CANADA 2106
HISTORIQUE 2106
OBJECTIFS 2106
MÉTHODE DE TRAVAIL ET ENCADREMENT 2107
DESCRIPTION SOMMAIRE D'ÉOLE 2108
DESIGN INNOVATIONS TOWARDS COST EFFECTIVENESS FOR VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES 2111
ABSTRACT 2111
KEYWORDS 2111
REFERENCES 2117
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TAYLOR 'V' TYPE VAWT CONCEPT 2118
ABSTRACT 2118
KEYWORDS 2118
INTRODUCTION 2118
AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE 2119
WIND TUNNEL TESTS 2119
CONCLUSIONS 2122
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2122
REFERENCES 2122
STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR 4 MW VAWTG-PROJECT EOLE 2123
ABSTRACT 2123
KEYWORDS 2123
INTRODUCTION 2123
MODEL DESCRIPTION 2124
CONCLUSION 2127
ACNOWLEDGEMENT 2127
REFERENCES 2127
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR COMPUTING EIGENFREQUENCIES AND MODE SHAPES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE 2128
INTRODUCTION 2128
GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF MOTION 2128
SOLUTION OF THE FREE VIBRATION PROBLEM 2129
COUPLING OF MODE SHAPES 2129
CONCLUSION 2132
REFERENCES 2132
FATIGUE ANALYSIS FOR THE 4 MW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE: PROJET EOLE 2133
ABSTRACT 2133
KEYWORDS 2133
INTRODUCTION 2133
ANALYSIS METHOD 2133
RESULTS 2137
CONCLUSIONS 2137
REFERENCES 2137
TIE-DOWN SYSTEM DESIGN FOR 4 MW VAWTG PROJECT EOLE 2138
ABSTRACT 2138
KEYWORDS 2138
INTRODUCTION 2138
DESCRITION OF APPROACH 2139
APPLICATION 2140
CONCLUSION 2142
ACKNOWLEGEMENT 2142
REFERENCES 2142
THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND FABRICATION STANDARDS FOR THE 4.0 MW VAWT - PROJECT EOLE 2143
ABSTRACT 2143
KEYWORDS 2143
INTRODUCTION 2143
DESIGN AND FABRICATION STANDARDS 2143
SELECTION OF MATERIALS 2144
FABRICATION 2145
INSPECTION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 2146
CORROSION AND EROSION PROTECTION 2147
CONCLUSIONS 2147
REFERENCES 2147
DIGITAL SIMULATION OF A VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR WITH A STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER 2148
ABSTRACT 2148
KEYWORDS 2148
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2148
SIMULATION RESULTS 2149
CONCLUSION 2151
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2151
REFERENCES 2152
UTILISATION DE CONVERTISSEURS STATIQUES POUR L'OPÉRATION À VITESSE VARIABLE D'UN AÉROGÉNÉRATEUR 2153
RÉSUMÉ 2153
MOTS CLÉS 2153
INTRODUCTION 2153
RÉSULTATS EXPÉRIMENTAUX 2155
CONCLUSION 2157
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 2157
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PROJECT EOLE, 4 MW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PLANT 2158
ABSTRACT 2158
KEYWORDS 2158
INTRODUCTION 2158
MODELLING 2159
SIMULATION 2160
CONCLUSIONS 2160
DRIVE TRAIN MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A 4 MW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR 2163
ABSTRACT 2163
KEYWORDS 2163
INTRODUCTION 2163
OPERATING CONDITIONS 2164
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 2164
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION 2164
FINAL CONFIGURATION 2165
DETAILS OF MAIN COMPONENTS 2165
CONCLUSIONS 2167
REFERENCES 2167
TORSIONAL RESPONSE OF PROJECT EOLE 4 MW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR 2168
ABSTRACT 2168
KEYWORDS 2168
INTRODUCTION 2168
SYSTEM MODEL 2168
EXCITING TORQUES 2170
SYSTEM RESPONSE 2170
OBSERVATIONS 2172
CONCLUSIONS 2172
REFERENCES 2172
GENERAL ELECTRICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROJECT EOLE, 4 MW VAWTG PLANT 2173
ABSTRACT 2173
KEYWORDS 2173
INTRODUCTION 2173
MAIN POWER EQUIPMENT 2173
PHYSICAL DISPOSITION OF THE SUBSYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS 2175
AUXILIARY SERVICES 2176
GROUNDING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION 2177
CONCLUSIONS 2177
REFERENCE 2177
THE VARIABLE SPEED POWER TRAIN FOR PROJECT EOLE: 4 MW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR 2178
ABSTRACT 2178
KEYWORDS 2178
INTRODUCTION 2178
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2178
CONTROL STRATEGIES 2181
ADVANTAGES 2182
CONCLUSIONS 2182
REFERENCES 2182
A Statistical Analysis of Wind Pump Performance in the Sahel 2183
Abstract 2183
Keywords 2183
Instantaneous Wind Pump Characteristics 2183
Long-Term Output Predictions 2185
Matching of Rotors with Reciprocating Pumps 2185
Storage Aspects 2185
References 2186
A HYDROMECHANICAL VARIABLE-STROKE MECHANISM FOR WATER-PUMPING WIND-TURBINES 2188
ABSTRACT 2188
KEYWORDS 2188
INTRODUCTION 2188
HYDROMECHANICAL STROKE-CONTROLLER 2188
TEST RESULTS 2191
CONCLUSION 2192
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2192
REFERENCES 2192
PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR MULTIBLADED WATER-PUMPING WIND-MILLS 2193
ABSTRACT 2193
KEYWORDS 2193
INTRODUCTION 2193
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 2193
ANALYTICAL MODEL: STEADY EQUILIBRIUM 2194
ANALYTICAL MODEL: DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM 2195
REFERENCES 2196
ONTARIO WIND ENERGY 2198
ABSTRACT 2198
KEYWORDS 2198
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 2199
PRESENT SITUATION WORLDWIDE 2199
CANADIAN WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT 2199
ONTARIO WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT 2200
ONTARIO WIND POWER POTENTIAL 2200
FUTURE POTENTIAL IN CANADA 2202
CONCLUSIONS 2202
REFERENCES 2202
STAND ALONE WIND/DIESEL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 2203
ABSTRACT 2203
KEYWORDS 2203
SUDBURY I CONFIGURATION 2203
SUDBURY I TEST RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 2204
SUDBURY II CONFIGURATION 2205
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS 2206
SUDBURY II TEST RESULTS 2206
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2207
REFERENCES 2207
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR DIESEL/RENEWABLE HYBRID POWER 2208
ABSTRACT 2208
KEYWORDS 2208
INTRODUCTION 2208
UNATTENDED REMOTE SITES 2209
REMOTE COMMUNITIES 2209
DIESEL/RENEWABLE HYBRID SYSTEMS 2211
BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS 2211
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CYCLE-CHARGED DIESEL/WIND TURBINE HYBRID FOR REMOTE COMMUNITIES 2211
CONCLUSIONS 2212
REFERENCES 2212
WIND ENERGY/HYDROGEN PRODUCTION R& D IN HAWAII
ABSTRACT 2213
KEYWORDS 2213
INTRODUCTION 2213
THE ROLE OF ..DROGEN 2214
CURRENT WIND ENERGY RESEARCH IN HAWAII 2214
HYDROGEN FROM WIND ENERGY 2215
ANTICIPATED RESULTS 2217
CONCLUSION 2217
REFERENCES 2217
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE POWER REGULATION THROUGH CENTRIFUGALLY PUMPED LIFT SPOILING 2218
ABSTRACT 2218
INTRODUCTION 2218
PROOF-OF-CONCEPT 2219
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PROGRAM 2220
FUTURE EFFORTS 2222
CONTROL OF A VARIABLE-SPEED WIND TURBINE GENERATOR 2223
ABSTRACT 2223
KEYWORDS 2223
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2223
THE IREQ DC SIMULATOR 2225
SIMULATION RESULTS 2225
CONCLUSION 2226
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2227
REFERENCES 2227
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS FOR PROJET "EOLE": A 4000 KW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE 2228
ABSTRACT 2228
KEYWORDS 2228
INTRODUCTION 2228
EOLE: TURBINE CHARACTERISTICS 2228
TURBINE INSTRUMENTATION 2229
INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS CONFIGURATION 2229
REFERENCES 2232
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF MEDIUM-SIZED WECS 2233
ABSTRACT 2233
KEYWORDS 2233
INTRODUCTION 2233
OBJECTIVES 2234
SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGY 2234
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2235
EXPERIENCE 2235
CONCLUSIONS 2237
REFERENCES 2237
ENSL'S OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPERIENCE OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS 2238
ABSTRACT 2238
KEYWORDS 2238
FOREWORD 2238
THE SANTA CATERINA TEST STATION 2239
THE ALTA NURRA WIND POWER PLANT 2241
CONCLUSIONS 2242
REFERENCES 2242
THE DAF-INDAL LTD. SERIES 6400 VAWT AT THE ATLANTIC WIND TEST SITE: PERFORMANCE AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC TEST DATA 2243
ABSTRACT 2243
KEY WORDS 2243
INTRODUCTION 2243
DESCRIPTION OF THE TURBINE 2243
INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ACQUISITION 2244
POWER PERFORMANCE 2244
STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC RESPONSE 2245
REFERENCES 2245
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE DAF INDAL 6400 - 500 kW VAWT 2248
ABSTRACT 2248
KEYWORDS 2248
BACKGROUND AND MAIN DESIGN FEATURES 2248
TEST PROGRAM 2249
TEST RESULTS 2250
CONCLUSIONS 2252
REFERENCES 2252
COMPOSITE STUDY OF FOUR SIMILAR VAWT FIELD TRIALS - OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND SITE CONDITIONS 2253
ABSTRACT 2253
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 2253
RESULTS 2254
CONCLUSIONS 2255
UTILITY EXPERIENCE WITH THE 50KW DARRIEUS WIND TURBINE 2258
ABSTRACT 2258
KEYWORDS 2258
INTRODUCTION 2258
BACKGROUND 2258
SITE SELECTION 2259
OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION 2259
TURBINE DESCRIPTION 2260
OPERATIONAL HISTORY 2261
CONCLUSION 2262
REFERENCES 2262
An Aerogenerator Testing Facility at IREQ 2263
ABSTRACT 2263
KEYWORDS 2263
INTRODUCTION 2263
DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND MACHINE 2263
INSTRUMENTATION 2264
DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING 2265
TEST PROGRAM 2265
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 2267
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2267
REFERENCES 2267
MONITORINC OF SMALL WIND EBKRGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS 2268
ABSTRACT 2268
KEYWORDS 2268
INTRODUCTION 2268
RESULTS 2270
CONCLUSION 2270
COSTS AND ECONOMICS OF WIND TURBINE GENERATORS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER PRODUCTION 2275
ABSTRACT 2275
KEYWORDS 2275
INTRODUCTION 2275
MATURITY ASSESSMENT 2275
COSTS AND ECONOMICS 2276
CONCLUSIONS 2279
REFERENCES 2279
PART 9: ECONOMICS AND POLICY 2281
ECONOMIC AND POLICY ASPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY 2283
ABSTRACT 2283
INTRODUCTION 2283
ECONOMIC CONCERNS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS 2285
POLICY FORMULATION 2286
FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION PSYCHOLOGY AND PRICING 2287
FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCE LIMITATIONS 2289
RESOURCE DESTRUCTION IN THE PAST 2290
CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS 2292
REFERENCES 2293
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION OF SOLAR HOUSING SATISFACTION AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED 2295
ABSTRACT 2295
KEYWORDS 2295
INTRODUCTION 2295
METHODOLOGY 2296
RESULTS 2297
CONCLUSIONS 2298
REFERENCES 2299
RESIDENTIAL RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY -A SURVEY OF INSTALLED SYSTEMS IN SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND AND NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES 2300
ABSTRACT 2300
KEYWORDS 2300
INTRODUCTION 2300
RATIONALE 2301
METHODOLOGY 2301
CONCLUSIONS 2302
IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 2305
ABSTRACT 2305
KEYWORDS 2305
OBJECTIVES 2305
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 2306
RESULTS 2308
CONCLUSION 2308
'GUIDEBOOK FOR A BRAVE RENEWABLE WORLD' : AN APPROACH TO PUBLIC EDUCATION 2310
ABSTRACT 2310
KEYWORDS 2310
CONCLUSIONS 2314
REFERENCES 2314
CREATIVE FINANCING FOR SOLAR EDUCATION 2315
INTRODUCTION 2315
OBJECTIVES 2315
RESULTS 2316
CONCLUSIONS 2316
REFERENCES 2317
A MODEL FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY EDUCATION 2318
ABSTRACT 2318
KEYWORDS 2318
INTRODUCTION 2318
REVIEW OF THE PROBLEM 2318
PRACTICAL METHODS FOR A PRACTICAL EDUCATION 2319
RESULTS 2321
CONCLUSION 2322
UNIVERSITY/INDUSTRY COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS IN PUERTO RICO 2323
ABSTRACT 2323
KEYWORDS 2323
INTRODUCTION 2324
TYPOLOGY OF UNIVERSITY/INDUSTRY INTERFACE 2324
ROLE OF THE CENTER FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH IN THE UNIVERSITY/INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS IN PUERTO RICO 2326
CONCLUSION 2328
THE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AT MALASPINA COLLEGE 2329
ABSTRACT 2329
KEY WORDS 2329
INTRODUCTION 2329
THE CURRICULUM 2330
SELECTION OP STUDENTS 2330
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIST COMMUNITY SERVICE FIELD TRAINING PROGRAM 2331
ACCREDITATION 2331
TECHNICIAN PROGRAM PROPOSALS 2331
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2331
REFERENCES 2332
REFERENCES (Continued) 2333
OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING FOR DESIGNERS AND INSTALLERS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 2334
ABSTRACT 2334
KEYWORDS 2334
OBJECTIVES 2334
METHODOLOGY 2335
DEMONSTRATION SYSTEMS 2336
REMOTE HOME 12VDC POWER SYSTEM 2336
WATER PUMPING DEMONSTRATION 2337
INTENSIVE PROGRAM 2337
CONCLUSIONS 2337
COMPARISON OF SOCIAL AND PRIVATE LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING OPTIONS 2338
ABSTRACT 2338
KEYWORDS 2338
INTRODUCTION 2338
METHODS 2339
RESULTS 2340
CONCLUSIONS 2340
REFERENCES 2342
POTENTIAL FOR FACILITY APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 2343
ABSTRACT 2343
KEYWORDS 2343
INTRODUCTION 2343
METHODOLOGY 2344
RESULTS 2344
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2345
EXAMINING THE MARKET VALUE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 2348
ABSTRACT 2348
KEYWORDS 2348
BACKGROUND 2348
METHODOLOGY 2349
RESULTS 2350
CONCLUSIONS 2351
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2352
REFERENCES 2352
THE COST OF SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATING IN THE CANADIAN CONTEXT 2353
ABSTRACT 2353
KEYWORDS 2353
INTRODUCTION 2353
METHODOLOGY 2353
RESULTS 2354
DISCUSSION 2356
CONCLUSION 2357
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2358
REFERENCES 2358
DISTRICT HEATING PLANTS BASED UPON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 2359
Introduction 2359
The individual system 2360
System size and combinations 2362
Conclusion 2363
References 2363
SUMMARY 2364
RESUME 2364
RURAL ENERGY CENTRES BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY - A UNIQUE EXPERIMENT IN INDIA 2365
ABSTRACT 2365
KEYWORDS 2365
OBJECTIVES 2365
METHODOLOGY 2366
CONCLUSIONS 2368
IMPLEMENTING ALTERNATE ENERGY PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS THROUGH THE APPROPRIATE USE OF INTERNATIONAL AID 2370
ABSTRACT 2370
KEYWORDS 2370
INTRODUCTION 2370
RECOMMENDATIONS 2371
PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING AID SYSTEMS 2372
DESIGN OF INTEGRATED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2375
ABSTRACT 2375
KEYWORDS 2375
INTRODUCTION 2375
APPROACHES 2375
IRES 2376
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2379
CONCLUDING REMARKS 2379
REFERENCES 2379
MATERIALS AND MANPOWER CONSTRAINTS IN LARGE SCALE HARNESSING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2380
ABSTRACT 2380
KEY WORDS 2380
INTRODUCTION 2380
IMPLICATIONS OF MASS CONSUMPTION 2381
MATERIALS : VARIETIES, GRADES AND SCALES OF REQUIREMENT 2381
THE MANPOWER PROBLEM 2383
NEED FOR A TOTAL APPROACH 2384
A SUGGESTED IMMEDIATE PROGRAMME OF ACTION 2384
CONCLUSIONS 2384
REFERENCES 2384
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS 2386
ABSTRACT 2386
KEYWORDS 2386
INTRODUCTION 2386
BACKGROUND 2386
EDUCATION KITS 2388
CONCLUSIONS 2388
REFERENCES 2389
MEXICO, YEAR 2000: RURAL ENERGY NEEDS MANUEL MARTINEZ 2391
ABSTRACT 2391
KEYWDRDS 2391
INTRODUCTION 2391
PRESENTS STATUS 2392
METHODOLOGY 2393
RESULTS 2393
CONCLUSIONS 2394
REFERENCES 2395
ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF BAHRAIN 2396
ABSTRACT 2396
KEYWORDS 2396
INTRODUCTION 2396
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BAHRAIN 2397
ESTIMATING ENERGY RESERVES IN BAHRAIN 2397
MEASURES TO SAVE ENERGY 2399
CONCLUSION 2399
REFERENCES 2400
NOMENCLATURE 2400
REFERENCES 2401
NOMENCLATURE 2401
THE RELEVANCE OF NET ENERGY ANALYSIS TO SOLAR ENERGY PLANNING 2402
ABSTRACT 2402
KEYWORDS 2402
INTRODUCTION 2402
ENERGETIC DESCRIPTION OF A SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE 2403
ENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND PLANNING 2404
CONCLUDING REMARKS 2406
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2406
REFERENCES 2406
THE EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOLAR SPACE POWER 2407
ABSTRACT 2407
INTRODUCTION 2407
SPACE POWER 2408
SPACE POWER SYSTEMS 2408
SPACE EXPERIMENTS 2411
CONCLUSION 2411
REFERENCES 2411
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2411
DISPOSAL OF SOLAR FLUIDS IN THE U.S., CANADA, JAPAN, AND EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 2412
ABSTRACT 2412
KEYWORDS 2412
INTRODUCTION 2412
FLUID PROPERTIES AND DISPOSAL IMPACTS 2412
STATUTES 2414
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2416
REFERENCES 2416
POTENTIAL HEALTtl AND SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THEMANUFACTURE OF AMORPHOUS SILICON AND COPPER INDIUMDISELENIDE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS 2417
ABSTRACT 2417
KEYWORDS 2417
INTRODUCTION 2417
METHODOLOGY 2417
RESULTS 2418
CONCLUSIONS 2421
REFERENCES 2421
THE DENVER SOLAR CODE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS REGARDING POSSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF NATIONAL STANDARDS BY COMMON SOLAR INSTALLATION PRACTICES 2422
ABSTRACT 2422
KEYWORDS 2422
OBJECTIVES 2422
NATIONAL STANDARDS 2423
COLLECTOR LABELING 2423
COPPER TUBING JOINTS 2424
COMBUSTIBLE FLUIDS 2425
CONCLUSIONS 2425
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2426
REFERENCES 2426
LA PENETRATION DES NOUVELLES ENERGIES DANS LA PETITE ET MOYENNE INDUSTRIE: FACTEURS IMPORTANTS 2427
ABSTRACT 2427
KEY WORDS 2427
INTRODUCTION 2427
CONCLUSION 2431
REFERENCES 2431
MICROHYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 2432
ABSTRACT 2432
KEYWORDS 2432
INTRODUCTION 2432
OBJECTIVES 2433
METHODOLOGY 2434
RESULTS 2434
DISCUSSION 2435
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND DISCLAIMER 2436
REFERENCES 2436
EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INVENTIONS 2437
ABSTRACT 2437
KEYWORDS 2437
EVALUATION 2437
PROGRAM PERFORMANCE 2440
CONCLUSIONS 2441
REFERENCES 2441
SOFT LANDINGS: ASSESSING POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR SOFT ENERGY PATHS IN CANADA 2442
ABSTRACT 2442
KEYWORDS 2442
INTRODUCTION 2442
ECONOMIC/SOCIAL/ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES 2443
LEVELS OF APPROACH 2444
CONCLUSIONS 2445
REFERENCES 2446
POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION IN AUSTRALIA 2447
ABSTRACT 2447
KEYWORDS 2447
1. INTRODUCTION 2447
2. AUSTRALIAN ENERGY RESERVES AND CONSUMPTION 2447
3. ESTIMATES OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL 2448
4. RESULTS 2449
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2450
SOLAR ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN DENMARK 2452
Abstract 2452
Introduction 2452
Activities 2453
Domestic hot water systems 2453
Solar systems with optimal output 2453
Development of heat storage systems 2454
Export applications 2454
# 752. SOLAR ENERGY DEMONSTRATION : THE COMMUNITY EXPERIENCE 2456
1. Introduction 2456
2. Background 2456
3. The situation today 2458
4. The Future 2460
5. Conclusions 2460
HAWAII'S PLAN POR ACTION FOR A BIOFUEL R& D PROGRAM
ABSTRACT 2462
KEYWORDS 2462
INTRODUCTION 2462
OBJECTIVE 2462
METHODOLOGY 2463
RESULTS 2463
RECOMMENDATIONS 2464
SUBSEQUENT ACTIVITIES 2465
ACTUAL IMPLANTATION AND MONITORING PROGRAME OF LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR HEATING INSTALLATIONS IN CATALUNYA (SPAIN) 2466
ABSTRACT 2466
KEYWORDS 2466
INTRODUCTION 2466
MONITORING RESULTS 2467
CONCLUSIONS 2468
REFERENCES 2470
IRISH NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY R.D. & D. PROGRAMME SINCE 1980 - THE TEAR AND THE SMILE
ABSTRACT 2471
KEYWORDS 2471
INTRODUCTION 2471
IRISH CLIMATIC RESOURCE 2471
BACKGROUND TO 1980 R.D. & D. PROGRAMME
NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAMME 1980-1984 2472
SOME ONGOING OR PLANNED R.E. INSTALLATIONS 2474
THE FUTURE OF R.E. IN IRELAND 2475
REFERENCES 2475
CHAPTER 10. RESOURCES 2477
USE OF SOLAR RADIATION AND CLIMATE DATA FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 2479
INTRODUCTION 2479
DETERMINING NEEDS 2479
DATA NEEDS 2480
PRESENTATION OF THE DATA 2480
FUTURE ACTIVITIES 2481
SUMMARY 2483
REFERENCES 2483
THE ELIMINATION OF COSINE ERRORS IN THE CALIBRATION OF TILTED PYRANOMETERS 2486
ABSTRACT 2486
KEY WORDS 2486
INTRODUCTION 2486
METHODOLOGY 2487
DISCUSSION OF POSSIBLE ERRORS 2488
RESULTS 2489
DISCUSSION 2489
REFERENCES 2490
A COMPREHENSIVE SKY RADIANCE DATA BASE 2491
ABSTRACT 2491
KEYWORDS 2491
INTRODUCTION 2491
DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING 2493
SUMMARY 2495
ACKNOWLEGEMENT 2495
REFERENCES 2495
HOURLY METEOROLOGICAL DATA FILES ADAPTED FOR MAIN FRAME COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND FOR MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAMS 2496
ABSTRACT 2496
KEYWORDS 2496
INTRODUCTION 2496
OBJECTIVE: CREATION OF WEATHER DATA FILES 2497
HOURLY WEATHER DATA FOR MICROCOMPUTER 2497
WEATHER DATA FILES FOR DOE-2 AND TRNSYS 2499
CONCLUSION: COMPATIBLE WEATHER DATA FILES 2499
REFERENCES 2499
SOLAR RADIATION IN ALTITUDE STATION INTEREST OF DATA BANK 2500
ABSTRACT 2500
RESUME 2500
KEYWORDS 2500
SUMMERY OF METHODOLOGY 2501
RESULTATS 2502
CONCLUSION - PERSPECTIVES 2503
REFERENCES 2504
A MICROCOMPUTER BASED DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH 2505
ABSTRACT 2505
KEYWORDS 2505
INTRODUCTION 2505
HARDWARE 2506
SOFTWARE 2506
OPERATION 2507
OBSERVATIONS AND FUTURE WORK 2507
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2508
REFERENCES 2508
EFFECTS OF EL CHICHON ON GLOBAL CORRELATIONS 2510
ABSTRACT 2510
KEYWORDS 2510
INTRODUCTION 2510
DATA QUALITY 2511
IMPACT ON SOLAR RADIATION 2511
EFFECT ON CORRELATIONS 2513
CONCLUSIONS 2514
REFERENCES 2514
APPLICATION OF UTILIZABILITY COMPUTATION METHODS TO EUROPE AND AFRICA 2515
ABSTRACT 2515
KEYWORDS 2515
INTRODUCTION 2515
UTILIZABILITY AND AVAILABLE ENERGY 2515
UTILIZABILITY CALCULATION METHODS 2516
AVAILABLE DATA AND METHODOLOGY 2516
RESULTS FOR HORIZONTAL PLANES 2517
RESULTS FOR TILTED PLANES 2517
CONCLUSIONS 2518
REFERENCES 2519
UTILIZABILITY COMPUTATION FROM FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR IRRADIANCE, PREPARATION OF A EUROPEAN DATA SET AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL FORMULAE 2520
ABSTRACT 2520
KEYWORDS 2520
INTRODUCTION 2520
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY CURVES OF SOLAR IRRADIANCE 2521
PREPARATION OF A EUROPEAN CFC'S DATA SET 2522
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 2522
DERIVATION OF EMPIRICAL FORMULAE 2522
CONCLUSION 2523
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2523
REFERENCES 2523
INFLUENCE DE L'ESTIMATION DU TROUBLE ATMOSPHERIQUE SUR L'EVALUATION DU RAYONNEMENT SOLAIRE 2525
RESUME 2525
ABSTRACT 2525
MOTS CLES 2525
KEYWORDS 2525
INTRODUCTION 2525
REPRESENTATIONS ANALYTIQUES DU FACTEUR TOTAL DE TROUBLE 2526
CONCLUSIONS 2529
REFERENCES 2529
ESTIMATING SOLAR RADIATION WITH THE MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MODEL 2530
ABSTRACT 2530
KEYWORDS 2530
INTRODUCTION 2530
THE MODEL 2531
ERROR 2531
DATA 2531
RESULTS 2532
CONCLUSIONS 2536
REFERENCES 2538
RADIATION ON TILTED PLANES : A PHYSICAL MODEL ADAPTABLE TO ANY COMPUTATIONAL TIME-STEP 2539
ABSTRACT 2539
KEYWORDS 2539
INTRODUCTION 2539
CALCULATION OF IRRADIANCES OR HOURLY IRRADIATIONS : CDRS MODEL 2539
CALCULATION OF MEAN HOURLY IRRADIATIONS: CMRS1 MODEL 2541
CALCULATION OF MEAN DAILY IRRADIATION: CMRS2 MODEL 2541
RESULTS 2541
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2543
REFERENCES 2543
TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DAILY AND HOURLY GLOBAL RADIATION 2544
ABSTRACT 2544
KEYWORDS 2544
INTRODUCTION 2544
DAILY GLOBAL RADIATION 2545
REFERENCES 2548
STOCHASTIC MODELING OF THE DAILY SOLAR ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMITTANCE, Kt 2549
ABSTRACT 2549
KEYWORDS 2549
INTRODUCTION 2549
STOCHASTIC MODELING OF ANNUAL Kt SERIES 2550
STOCHASTIC MODELING OF MONTHLY Kt SERIES 2551
GENERATING SYNTHETIC Kt 2552
REFERENCES 2553
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SOLAR RADIATION WITH METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR BIRMINGHAM, UK 2554
ABSTRACT 2554
KEYWORDS 2554
INTRODUCTION 2554
ANALYSIS OF DATA 2555
RESULTS 2556
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 2557
NOMENCLATURE 2558
REFERENCES 2558
SOLAR RADIATION IN GENEVA, SWITZERLAND : VALIDATED MODELS AND CORRELATIONS 2559
ABSTRACT 2559
KEYWORDS 2559
INTRODUCTION 2559
MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFUSE RADIATION 2560
INFRARED SKY RADIATION 2560
CLEARNESS INDEX CORRELATIONS 2560
CORRELATIONS WITH SUNSHINE HOURS 2561
MONTHLY AVERAGE DAYS 2561
HORIZONTAL TO ANY TILTED PLANE TRANSPOSITION 2562
CONCLUSIONS 2562
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2563
REFERENCES 2563
A STUDY OF THE DIVISION OF GLOBAL IRRADIATION INTO DIRECT AND DIFFUSE IRRADIATION AT THIRTY THREE U.S. SITES 2564
ABSTRACT 2564
KEYWORDS 2564
INTRODUCTION 2564
THE DATA BASE 2565
THE METHOD OF PROCESSING THE DATA 2565
PRESENTATION OF SELECTED RESULTS 2566
DISCUSSION 2568
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2568
REFERENCES 2568
ESTIMATION DU RAYONNEMENT SOLAIRE GLOBAL SUR UNE SURFACE D'ORIENTATION ET D'INCLINAISON DONNEES 2569
ABSTRACT 2569
INTRODUCTION 2569
PRINCIPE DU MODELE 2569
RESULTATS STATISTIQUES 2570
UTILISATION DU MODELE 2572
TEST STATISTIQUE DU MODELE 2572
CONCLUSION 2573
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 2573
Climatology of an Anisotropic Diffuse Sky Radiation Model for Slopes 2574
ABSTRACT 2574
KEY WORDS 2574
INTRODUCTION 2574
METHODS 2574
RESULTS 2575
CONCLUSION 2578
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2578
REFERENCES 2578
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF THE DIFFUSE SKY RADIANCE 2579
ABSTRACT 2579
KEYWORDS 2579
INTRODUCTION 2579
BACKGROUND 2580
APPROACH 2581
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2581
CONCLUSIONS 2583
REFERENCES 2583
MODEL FOR THE TIME AVERAGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF SKY RADIANCE 2584
ABSTRACT 2584
KEYWORDS 2584
INTRODUCTION 2584
A MODEL DESCRIBING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SKY RADIANCE 2584
A METHOD FOR FINDING OUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODEL 2585
MEASUREMENTS 2586
THE PARAMETERS OF THE MODEL 2586
VERIFICATION 2587
CONCLUSIONS 2588
REFERENCES 2588
SATELLITE VERSUS GROUND OBSERVATION BASED MODEL FOR GLOBAL IRRADIATION 2589
ABSTRACT 2589
KEYWORDS 2589
INTRODUCTION 2589
INTERPOLATION 2589
MODELLING 2590
SATELLITE 2590
VALIDATIONS 2592
CONCLUSIONS 2593
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2593
REFERENCES 2593
MAXIMUM USABLE ENERGY FROM SOLAR RADIATION FOR A REALISTIC MODEL ATMOSPHERE 2594
ABSTRACT 2594
KEYWORDS 2594
INTRODUCTION 2594
GENERALIZATION TO n PUMPS 2596
REFERENCES 2598
A SOLAR RADIATION MODEL FOR SOMALIA 2599
ABSTRACT 2599
KEYWORDS 2599
INTRODUCTION 2599
RADIATION MODELS 2600
BARBARO et al MODEL 2600
SAYIGH'S "UNIVERSAL" FORMULA 2600
EXELL'S MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2601
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 2601
CONCLUSIONS 2602
REFERENCES 2602
SOLAR INSOLATION AT SURATHKAL -WEST COAST OF INDIA 2604
ABSTRACT 2604
KEY WORDS 2604
INTRODUCTION 2604
DATA REDUCTION 2605
CONCLUSION 2608
REFERENCES 2608
MAPPING THE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL OF PASSIVE HEATING COMBINED WITH CONSERVATION 2609
ABSTRACT 2609
INTRODUCTION 2609
OPTIMIZATION 2610
ASSUMPTIONS 2612
RESULTS 2612
REFERENCES 2613
RESOURCE EVALUATION AND SITE SELECTION FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 2614
ABSTRACT 2614
KEYWORDS 2614
MICROALGAE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 2614
STRATIFICATION OF THE SOUTHWEST 2615
CONCLUSIONS 2618
REFERENCES 2618
SOLAR RADIATION MODELING USING SATELLITE DATA 2619
ABSTRACT 2619
KEYWORDS 2619
INTRODUCTION 2619
SATELLITE DATA 2619
MODELS 2620
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 2621
CONCLUSIONS 2621
REFERENCES 2621
ESTIMATION OF SOLAR RADIATION OVER LESOTHO 2624
ABSTRACT 2624
INTRODUCTION 2624
2. ESTIMATION OF SOLAR RADIATION 2624
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2626
CONCLUSION 2630
Acknowledgements 2630
REFERENCES 2630
INTEGRATED RURAL ENERGY SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION 2632
ABSTRACT 2632
KEYWORDS 2632
INTRODUCTION 2632
CURRENT ACTIVITIES 2634
REFERENCES 2636
SOLAR RADIATION IN COSTA RICA 2637
ABSTRACT 2637
KEYWORDS 2637
ANALYSIS OF THE SOLAR RADIATION NETWORK IN COSTA RICA 2637
SOLAR RADIATION DISTRIBUTION IN COSTA RICA 2638
DIFFUSE RADIATION IN COSTA RICA 2639
CONCLUSION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2639
REFERENCES 2640
PRODUCTIVITY AND SHORTAGE OF ELECTRO-SOLAR GENERATORS IN REMOTE AREAS : FROM CLIMATOLOGY TO COSTS 2642
ABSTRACT 2642
KEYWORDS 2642
INTRODUCTION 2642
OBJECTIVES 2642
METHOD 2643
CNCLUSIONS 2645
RURAL ENERGY SURVEY IN 50 VILLAGES OF THE STATE OF GUJARAT IN INDIA 2646
ABSTRACT 2646
KEYWORDS 2646
INTRODUCTION 2646
RECOMMENDATIONS 2650
TOWARDS A WIND-MAP OF SOMALIA 2653
ABSTRACT 2653
KEYWORDS 2653
INTRODUCTION 2653
THE WIND PROGRAM 2653
WIND ANALYSIS 2654
THE WIND MAP 2655
REFERENCES 2657
SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2658
ABSTRACT 2658
KEYWORDS 2658
OBJECTIVES 2658
SUMMARY OF THE PLAN 2659
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 2660
REFERENCES 2661
SOLAR SPECTRAL INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCES OF TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 2663
ABSTRACT 2663
KEYWORDS 2663
TEXT 2663
CONCLUSION 2665
REFERENCES 2665
CHAPTER 11. WORKSHOP REPORTS 2667
THEME WORKSHOP REPORT FINANCING AND INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 2669
THEME WORKSHOP REPORT PROVIDING ELECTRIC POWER FOR REMOTE SITES 2672
THEME WORKSHOP REPORT PROVIDING A SUPPLY OF WATER TO A REMOTE SITE 2674
THEME WORKSHOP REPORT SYSTEMS SIMULATION 2676
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS THERMOSYPHON AND FREEZE PROTECTION 2678
BUILDING THERMAL CAPACITANCE 2681
INTEGRATION OF STORAGE AND COLLECTION COMPONENTS INTO BUILDINGS 2683
LOW-ENERGY BUILDINGS 2685
ADVANCED COLLECTORS 2687
SOLAR PONDS 2690
CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS IN SOLAR THERMAL POWER SYSTEMS 2693
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS 2696
STAND-ALONE, REMOTE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 2697
BIOENERGY, IT IS ECONOMICAL TODAY 2699
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND BIOMIMETIC SYSTEMS 2701
ROADS TO IMPROVED COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF WIND ENERGY 2703
LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES PROGRAMMES D'ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES DANS UN CONTEXTE DE SURPLUS ENERGETIQUE 2707
COMPREHENSIVELY ASSESSING THE EXTREMELY DIVERSE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE 2710
AUTHOR INDEX 2713
SUBJECT INDEX 2725

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9411-0 / 1483294110
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9411-7 / 9781483294117