Railway Noise and Vibration (eBook)

Mechanisms, Modelling and Means of Control

David Thompson (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2008 | 1. Auflage
536 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-091443-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Railways are an environmentally friendly means of transport well suited to modern society. However, noise and vibration are key obstacles to further development of the railway networks for high-speed intercity traffic, for freight and for suburban metros and light-rail. All too often noise problems are dealt with inefficiently due to lack of understanding of the problem.
This book brings together coverage of the theory of railway noise and vibration with practical applications of noise control technology at source to solve noise and vibration problems from railways. Each source of noise and vibration is described in a systematic way: rolling noise, curve squeal, bridge noise, aerodynamic noise, ground vibration and ground-borne noise, and vehicle interior noise.
• Theoretical modelling approaches are introduced for each source in a tutorial fashion
• Practical applications of noise control technology are presented using the theoretical models
• Extensive examples of application to noise reduction techniques are included
Railway Noise and Vibration is a hard-working reference and will be invaluable to all who have to deal with noise and vibration from railways, whether working in the industry or in consultancy or academic research.
David Thompson is Professor of Railway Noise and Vibration at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton. He has worked in the field of railway noise since 1980, with British Rail Research in Derby, UK, and TNO Institute of Applied Physics in the Netherlands before moving to Southampton in 1996. He was responsible for developing the TWINS software for predicting rolling noise.
* Discusses fully the theoretical background and practical workings of railway noise
* Includes the latest research findings, brought together in one place
* Forms an extended case study in the application of noise control techniques

The author is Professor of Railway Noise and Vibration at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton. He has worked in the field of railway noise since 1980, with British Rail Research in Derby, UK, TNO Institute of Applied Physics in the Netherlands before moving to Southampton in 1996. He was responsible for developing the TWINS software for predicting rolling noise.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
RAILWAY NOISE AND VIBRATION 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 10
Acknowledgements 12
Copyright Acknowledgements 14
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 18
1.1 The need for noise and vibration control innbsprailways 18
1.2 The need for a systematic approach to noise control 20
1.3 Sources of railway noise and vibration 23
1.4 Structure of the book 26
References 27
CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Rolling Noise 28
2.1 The source of rolling noise 28
2.2 Speed and roughness dependence 30
2.3 Frequency content 34
2.4 Is it the wheel or is it the rail? 37
2.5 Overview of the generation mechanism 41
References 43
CHAPTER 3 Track Vibration 46
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 SIMPLE BEAM MODELS 54
3.3 Beam on two-layer support 68
3.4 Timoshenko beam model 75
3.5 Discretely supported track models 82
3.6 Rail cross-section deformation 93
3.7 Sleeper vibration 99
3.8 Rail pad stiffness 108
References 111
CHAPTER 4 Wheel Vibration 114
4.1 Introduction 114
4.2 Wheel modes of vibration 114
4.3 Frequency response 121
4.4 Simple models for wheel mobility 127
4.5 Effects of wheel rotation 132
4.6 Experimental results 138
4.7 Noise from bogie and vehicle superstructure 140
References 143
CHAPTER 5 Wheel/Rail Interaction and Excitation by Roughness 144
5.1 Introduction 144
5.2 Wheel/rail interaction model 145
5.3 Contact zone mobilities 158
5.4 Contact filter effect 165
5.5 Measurement of roughness 169
5.6 Processing of roughness data 175
5.7 Other excitation mechanisms 181
References 188
CHAPTER 6 Sound Radiation from Wheels and Track 192
6.1 Introduction 192
6.2 Simple models for sound radiation 194
6.3 Wheel radiation 199
6.4 Rail radiation 206
6.5 Sleeper radiation 221
6.6 Sound pressure levels during train passage 225
6.7 Validation measurements 234
References 238
CHAPTER 7 Mitigation Measures for Rolling Noise 240
7.1 Introduction 240
7.2 Prototype track development 244
7.3 Wheel shape and damping 257
7.4 Track response and radiation 271
7.5 Shielding measures 283
7.6 Combinations of measures 287
References 292
CHAPTER 8 Aerodynamic Noiselowast 298
8.1 Introduction 298
8.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 300
8.3 Experimental techniques 307
8.4 Numerical techniques 316
8.5 Reduction of aerodynamic noise 317
8.6 Concluding remarks 329
References 329
CHAPTER 9 Curve Squeal Noise 332
9.1 Introduction 332
9.2 Curving behaviour 333
9.3 Creep forces 336
9.4 Models for frictional excitation 339
9.5 Models for squeal 345
9.6 Mitigation measures for curve squeal noise 352
9.7 Case study: UK Sprinter fleet 355
References 357
CHAPTER 10 Impact Noise 360
10.1 Introduction 360
10.2 The effect of non-linearities on rolling noise 361
10.3 Impact noise due to wheel flats 367
10.4 Impact noise due to rail joints 371
10.5 Discussion 374
References 375
CHAPTER 11 Bridge Noise 376
11.1 Introduction 376
11.2 The excitation of bridge noise 380
11.3 Power input to the bridge 383
11.4 Vibration transmission and radiation of sound 395
11.5 Reducing bridge noise 403
11.6 Case studies 408
References 412
CHAPTER 12 Low Frequency Ground Vibrationlowast 416
12.1 Different types of railway-induced vibration 416
12.2 Assessment of vibration 417
12.3 Surface vibration propagation 423
12.4 Excitation of vibration by a train 433
12.5 Examples of calculated vibration from trains 438
12.6 Mitigation measures 446
References 450
CHAPTER 13 Ground-borne Noiselowast 454
13.1 Introduction 454
13.2 Assessment criteria 455
13.3 Vibration propagation from a tunnel 456
13.4 Models for ground-borne noise 459
13.5 Predicting ground-borne noise for environmental assessments 468
13.6 Mitigation measures: track designs for vibration isolation 474
References 481
CHAPTER 14 Vehicle Interior Noiselowast 482
14.1 Introduction 482
14.2 Characterizing interior noise 484
14.3 Sources of interior noise 487
14.4 Transmission paths 494
14.5 Prediction of interior noise 496
14.6 Model assessment and results 496
14.7 Concluding remarks 498
References 499
APPENDIX A Measurement of Train Pass-by Noise 502
APPENDIX B Short Glossary of Railway Terminology 506
List of Symbols 510
Index 518

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.12.2008
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Mechanik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 0-08-091443-8 / 0080914438
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-091443-5 / 9780080914435